泛大陆架构：基于量子总线的容错异构拓扑码
The Pangaea Architecture: Fault-Tolerant Heterogeneous Topological Codes via a Quantum Bus
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究提出名为Pangaea的量子架构，以量子总线介导异构拓扑码间逻辑操作，减少物理量子比特用量，验证了其容错性并构建魔术态蒸馏模块，解决平面格手术路由瓶颈。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们提出了Pangaea（泛大陆），一种容错量子架构，它利用量子总线在二维拓扑码的远程块之间介导逻辑操作。该总线是一条辅助规范码条，其测量可重建联合逻辑算子，同时保留最近邻物理连通性。量子总线支持原生异构拓扑码和多量子比特泡利操作，可视为格手术的三维推广。对于$N_L$个距离为$d$的逻辑量子比特，实现多量子比特相互作用仅需$O(dN_L)$个物理量子比特，而传统二维架构则需要$O(d^2N_L)$个。在50个逻辑量子比特的规模下，在匹配的逻辑错误率下，Pangaea使用的物理量子比特比平面表面码架构少多达10倍。我们通过伪阈值模拟验证了基于测量的长程CNOT原语的容错性，适用于表面-表面和表面-色码联合奇偶校验测量。我们利用该协议构建了一个使用量子总线的原生异构15对1魔术态蒸馏模块。这些结果表明，Pangaea是一种可扩展的三维容错量子计算架构，解决了平面格手术的路由瓶颈问题。
英文摘要
We introduce Pangaea, a fault-tolerant quantum architecture that uses a quantum bus to mediate logical operations between remote patches of two-dimensional topological codes. The bus is an auxiliary gauge-code strip whose measurements reconstruct joint logical operators while preserving nearest-neighbor physical connectivity. Enabling native heterogeneous topological codes and multi-qubit Pauli operations, the quantum bus can be interpreted as a three-dimensional generalization of lattice surgery. We require only $O(dN_L)$ physical qubits to implement multi-qubit interactions for $N_L$ distance-$d$ logical qubits, compared to $O(d^2N_L)$ of traditional two-dimensional architectures. At the 50-logical-qubit scale, Pangaea uses up to $10\times$ fewer physical qubits than planar surface-code architectures at matched logical error rates. We verify fault-tolerance of long-range measurement-based CNOT primitives for both surface--surface and surface--color joint parity measurements using pseudo-threshold simulations. We use this protocol to construct a native heterogeneous 15-to-1 magic-state distillation module using the quantum bus. These results establish Pangaea as a scalable architecture for three-dimensional fault-tolerant quantum computing that resolves the routing bottleneck of planar lattice surgery.
