局部网络增长：简单规则如何驱动网络复杂性
Local network growth: How simple rules drive network complexity
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本书提出真实网络的全局规律源于局部规则而非优先连接，论证了互联网、社交网络等复杂系统可通过简单局部规则增长，兼具通俗性与专业性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
互联网、活细胞、朋友圈、价值数十亿美元的建设项目，这些系统几乎毫无共通之处——但当被绘制成网络时，它们却惊人地相似。每个系统都有少量巨型枢纽节点，其余则是大量连接稀疏的节点；任意两部分之间存在短路径；局部聚类密集；存在社区结构；还有大量冗余路径。二十年来，这类模式一直被归因于“优先连接”（即富者更富），该规则从字面理解要求每个新节点在建立连接前需调查整个网络。本书提出了一个更简单的观点，并逐一论证其机制：真实网络的全局规律并非自上而下强加，而是源于纯粹的局部规则，每个新节点仅作用于其已到达的节点以及该节点的直接邻居。冲浪者点击链接、朋友介绍朋友、基因连同其连接被复制—— none 都不会参考整个网络，然而总体来看，每一种行为都构建出真实复杂系统完整且明确的特征。本书既面向普通好奇读者也面向专业人士，以通俗易懂的语言阐述观点，数学内容则以可跳过的方框形式呈现，它展示了引文图谱、万维网、社会关系、蛋白质相互作用以及项目调度如何从少数相同的局部规则中逐步增长，每次仅做出一个局部决策。
英文摘要
The Internet, a living cell, a circle of friends, a billion-dollar construction project: these systems share almost nothing -- yet, drawn as networks, they look astonishingly alike. Each has a few giant hubs among a multitude of sparsely connected nodes, short paths between any two parts, dense local clustering, communities, and many redundant routes. For two decades such patterns have been credited to "preferential attachment," the rich getting richer -- a rule that, taken literally, asks every newcomer to survey the whole network before it links. This book makes a simpler case, and defends it one mechanism at a time: the global regularities of real networks are not imposed from above but emerge from purely local rules, in which each new node acts only on a node it has reached and that node's immediate neighbours. A surfer following links, a friend introducing a friend, a gene copied with its connections -- none consults the network as a whole, yet each builds, in the aggregate, the full and unmistakable signature of a real complex system. Written for the curious reader as much as the specialist, with the ideas told in plain language and the mathematics set aside in boxes that can be skipped, it shows how citation graphs, the web, social ties, protein interactions, and project schedules all grow themselves from the same handful of local rules -- one local decision at a time.
