AI 中文总结
该研究利用美国政策文件与科学引用数据，分析政策知识生产，发现智库是主要科学知识供给方且生产日益极化，科学可降低极化，为民主治理信息基础建设提供依据。
AI 中文摘要
政策制定依赖于将专业知识转化为政治上可操作知识的机构。然而，人们对这类知识如何产生、构建及政治极化，以及科学如何影响这些过程知之甚少。我们利用来自200多家智库和100多个政府机构的200万份美国政策文件及近100万条科学引用，分析政策制定中科学的供给侧：政策知识的生产。我们发现，智库是向政府提供基于科学的政策知识的主要供给方，但这类生产已变得日益政治极化，主要由左翼机构日益孤立所驱动。我们进一步发现，科学与较低的极化程度相关，因为基于科学证据的政策文件，尤其是那些引用高影响力科学的文件，在意识形态上的隔离程度更低，且在政策知识网络中占据更核心的位置。这些结果揭示了科学专业知识塑造、有时甚至弥合政策知识生产意识形态格局的潜力。在政治极化加剧且科学在政策制定中作用日益增强的背景下，理解政策知识如何生产以及科学专业知识与其意识形态结构的关系，对巩固民主治理的信息基础至关重要。
英文摘要
Policymaking relies on institutions that translate expertise into politically actionable knowledge. Yet little is known about how such knowledge is created, structured, and politically polarized, or how science shapes these processes. Using 2 million U.S. policy documents and nearly 1 million scientific citations from more than 200 think tanks and 100 government organizations, we analyze the supply side of science in policymaking: the production of policy knowledge. We find that think tanks are the dominant suppliers of science-based policy knowledge to government, but that this production has become increasingly politically polarized, driven primarily by growing insularity among left-leaning institutions. We further find that science is linked to lower polarization, as policy documents grounded in scientific evidence, especially those citing high-impact science, are less ideologically segregated and occupy more central positions in policy knowledge networks. These results reveal the potential of scientific expertise to shape and, at times, bridge the ideological landscape of policy knowledge production. Amid rising political polarization and the growing role of science in policymaking, understanding how policy knowledge is produced and how scientific expertise relates to its ideological structure is essential to strengthening the informational foundations of democratic governance.
