AI 中文总结
本研究提出以高能天体物理中微子为可标准化烛光的新型距离阶梯法测量哈勃常数，利用12个赛弗特星系的中微子与X射线光度关联完成首次观测实现，验证了中微子作为无电磁传播系统误差的宇宙学探测手段的可行性。
AI 中文摘要
测量宇宙中的距离是物理学与天文学领域最棘手的难题之一。几乎所有距离探测手段都依赖光子，而光子在跨宇宙尺度传播过程中会产生消光、吸收、散射以及辐射转移效应。中微子则不受这些效应影响，能够无衰减地穿过尘埃、星系际介质以及致密的源区环境。我们提出了一种全新的距离阶梯方法，将来自点源的高能天体物理中微子作为可标准化烛光来测量哈勃常数$H_0$，并报告了该方法的首次观测实现。我们选取了12个经X射线选的赛弗特星系，IceCube在其14年公开点源数据发布中报告这些星系存在显著的单源中微子超出；我们利用中微子与X射线光度之间的盘-冕关联$L_ν= κ\\, L_X^β$，构建了以NGC 1068的非红移距离（造父变星+红巨星支尖（TRGB）法）为锚点的中微子距离阶梯。我们测得$H_0 = 49^{+40}_{-30}\\,\mathrm{km\\,s^{-1}\\,Mpc^{-1}}$、$β= 0.67^{+0.16}_{-0.25}$（68%置信区间），其中冕区斜率在约2σ置信水平上不支持量热极限$β= 1$。该结果在1σ范围内与Planck卫星和SH0ES项目已有的$H_0$测量结果一致。尽管当前$H_0$的测量不确定性较大，但该测量不受电磁传播系统误差影响，证明了中微子作为一种新型宇宙学探测手段的可行性。
英文摘要
Measuring distances in the Universe is one of the hardest problems in physics and astronomy. Almost every distance probe relies on photons, whose propagation across cosmic distances introduces extinction, absorption, scattering, and radiative-transfer effects. Neutrinos suffer none of these and propagate unattenuated through dust, intergalactic medium, and dense source environments alike. We introduce a new distance-ladder method for measuring the Hubble constant $H_0$ using high-energy astrophysical neutrinos from point sources as standardizable candles, and report its first observational realization. Using 12 X-ray-selected Seyfert galaxies for which IceCube reports significant per-source neutrino excesses in its 14-year public point-source release, we exploit the disk-corona correlation $L_ν= κ\, L_X^β$ between neutrino and X-ray luminosities to construct a neutrino distance ladder anchored by non-redshift distances to NGC 1068 (Cepheid + TRGB). We find $H_0 = 49^{+40}_{-30}\,\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$ and $β= 0.67^{+0.16}_{-0.25}$ (68% credible intervals), with the corona slope disfavoring the calorimetric limit $β= 1$ at ${\sim}2σ$. The result is consistent with existing $H_0$ determinations from Planck and SH0ES within 1$σ$. While the uncertainty on $H_0$ is large, the measurement is free of electromagnetic propagation systematics and demonstrates the viability of neutrinos as a novel cosmographical probe.
Comments5+18 pages, 2+6 figures
