AI 中文总结
该研究针对美国三大互联电网，通过全尺寸PSS/E和PowerWorld模型仿真，得出不同电网的关键惯量对应的IBRs渗透率，指出需用全动态仿真指导高可再生能源下的输电规划。
AI 中文摘要
基于逆变器的资源（IBRs）的快速整合正在降低美国电网的系统惯量，引发了对大扰动后频率稳定性的担忧。本文针对美国三大主要互联电网——东部互联电网（EI）、西部电力协调委员会互联电网（WECC）和得克萨斯州电力可靠性委员会互联电网（ERCOT），开展了基于仿真的关键惯量评估，关键惯量被定义为在最大可信扰动后，防止第一阶段低频减载（UFLS）所需的最小系统惯量。通过逐步用IBRs替代同步发电机构建低惯量场景，并使用全尺寸PSS/E和PowerWorld模型进行动态仿真。结果显示，ERCOT在IBRs渗透率约58%时达到关键惯量，而WECC和EI分别超过90%、约67%至68%。目前美国境内EI、WECC和ERCOT的IBRs占比分别为16%、33%和44%，显示出各电网与关键惯量阈值的接近程度存在差异。这些发现强调，开展全动态仿真对准确估计关键惯量、指导高可再生能源渗透率场景下的输电规划具有重要意义。
英文摘要
The rapid integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) is reducing system inertia across U.S. power grids, raising concerns about frequency stability following large contingencies. This paper presents a simulation-based assessment of critical inertia, defined as the minimum system inertia required to prevent first-stage under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) after the largest credible contingency, across the three major U.S. interconnections: Eastern Interconnection (EI), WECC, and ERCOT. Reduced-inertia scenarios are created by progressively replacing synchronous generators with IBRs, and dynamic simulations are performed using full-scale PSS/E and PowerWorld models. The results show that ERCOT reaches critical inertia at approximately 58 percent IBR penetration, compared with above 90 percent for WECC and approximately 67 to 68 percent for EI. Current IBR shares in the U.S. portions of EI, WECC, and ERCOT are 16 percent, 33 percent, and 44 percent, respectively, indicating varying proximity to critical inertia thresholds. These findings highlight the importance of full dynamic simulations to accurately estimate critical inertia and guide transmission planning under high renewable penetration scenarios.
