AI 中文总结
本文针对天文光子学空间任务中光子集成电路（PIC）缺乏专属空间合格鉴定标准的问题，整合NASA与ESA相关文件，提出七阶段PIC-SQT合格鉴定模板，明确测试步骤、任务定制方案及未覆盖的鉴定流程，记录40多年光纤飞行传承。
AI 中文摘要
光子集成电路（PIC）有望将天文、行星及地球观测任务的光学子系统的尺寸、重量和功耗（SWaP）降低一个数量级，但目前尚无针对PIC的空间合格鉴定标准。本文整合了适用于天文光子学PIC或可针对其定制的NASA和ESA主要合格鉴定文件，涉及阵列波导光栅、光子灯笼、光纤布拉格光栅，以及用于光谱仪和恒星干涉仪的集成合束器（ABCD、离散合束器、零位器）。一份主合格鉴定表格列出了19项标准测试步骤，以及适用的标准和欧盟/美国的测试设施；两个参考任务构型——低轨（LEO）小卫星演示器和HWO级拉格朗日2号旗舰任务——生成了定制矩阵，同时一份TRL与测试覆盖度的路线图将各项活动映射到NASA/ESA的就绪等级和评审关口。对紫外/可见/近红外平台的调查关联了光谱覆盖范围、成熟度和飞行传承，辐射效应总结显示，无源二氧化硅、Si₃N₄和激光写入芯基本耐辐射，而有源III-V族和Ge器件需承担硬度负担。核心成果是一个七阶段合格鉴定模板（PIC-SQT），具有明确的TRL关口、精确的测试程序和任务级定制；本文还确定了当前标准未覆盖的PIC相关合格鉴定流程，并记录了40多年的光纤飞行传承。
英文摘要
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) promise order-of-magnitude reductions in the size, weight and power (SWaP) of optical subsystems for astronomy, planetary and Earth-observation missions, yet no PIC-specific space-qualification standard exists. This paper consolidates the principal NASA and ESA qualification documents that apply, or can be tailored, to astrophotonic PICs --- arrayed waveguide gratings, photonic lanterns, fibre Bragg gratings, and integrated beam combiners (ABCD, discrete beam combiners, nullers) for spectrographs and stellar interferometers. A master qualification table lists 19 standard test steps with applicable standards and EU/USA test facilities. Two reference mission profiles --- a LEO smallsat demonstrator and an HWO-class Lagrange-2 flagship --- yield a tailoring matrix, while a TRL-versus-test-coverage roadmap maps each activity onto the NASA/ESA readiness levels and review gates. A survey of UV/visible/near-infrared platforms relates spectral coverage, maturity and flight heritage, and a radiation-effects summary shows passive silica, Si3N4 and laser-written cores are essentially radiation-tolerant while active III--V and Ge devices carry the hardness burden. The central outcome is a seven-phase qualification template (PIC-SQT) with explicit TRL gates, exact test procedures and mission-class tailoring; we further identify qualification processes relevant to PICs that current standards do not cover, and document 40+ years of optical-fibre flight heritage.
Comments59 pages, 4 figures, 11 tables, 77 references. Review article
