自主量子能量泵的功统计
Work Statistics of Autonomous Quantum Energy Pumps
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究提出自主量子能量泵的端分辨功统计理论，解析泵传输功，关联周期泵功统计与弗洛凯几何，发现两端量子比特噪声匹配现象，指出平均电流一致不代表功统计准确。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们发展了一种针对自主量子能量泵的端分辨功统计理论。通过将供能和受能系统建模为显式量子端，与每个端交换的能量可直接由其哈密顿量的变化定义。当这些端被建模为理想时钟时，这些全空间可观测量在泵的希尔伯特空间上存在精确表示，并能重现周期和准周期驱动系统的常规相位导数电流。该框架可解析泵中积累能量所传输的功，还能纳入任意初始泵-端关联，并确定在驱动相位不确定时关联何时可增强定向能量传输。对于周期泵，我们推导了弗洛凯（Floquet）本征态下的有限周期功统计，将其涨落与弗洛凯量子几何关联，并证明长期端电流会变得相互兼容。一个可精确求解的两端量子比特表现出噪声匹配现象：尽管单个端能量仍有噪声，但通过共模端涨落的抵消，传输变得尖锐。最后，对于超出理想时钟极限的物理端，我们引入了正功方差隙，用于量化仅用泵描述所遗漏的涨落。一个相干腔基准显示，随着占据数增加，系统会系统性收敛到理想时钟 regime，同时表明仅平均电流的一致并不能保证功统计的准确性。
英文摘要
We develop a terminal-resolved theory of work statistics for autonomous quantum energy pumps. By modeling the systems that supply and receive energy as explicit quantum terminals, the energy exchanged with each terminal is defined directly from its Hamiltonian change. When the terminals are modeled by ideal clocks, these full-space observables admit exact representations on the pump Hilbert space and recover the conventional phase-derivative currents of periodically and quasiperiodically driven systems. The framework resolves transported work from energy accumulated in the pump. It also incorporates arbitrary initial pump--terminal correlations and identifies when correlations can enhance directional energy transfer under uncertain driving phases. For periodic pumps, we derive finite-cycle work statistics in Floquet eigenstates, relate their fluctuations to Floquet quantum geometry, and show that the long-time terminal currents become mutually compatible. An exactly solvable two-terminal qubit exhibits noise matching, in which transport becomes sharp through cancellation of common-mode terminal fluctuations even though the individual terminal energies remain noisy. Finally, for physical terminals beyond the ideal-clock limit, we introduce a positive work-variance gap that quantifies the fluctuations missed by a pump-only description. A coherent-cavity benchmark shows systematic convergence toward the ideal-clock regime with increasing occupation while demonstrating that agreement of the mean current alone does not guarantee accurate work statistics.
