AI 中文总结
本研究通过线性保罗阱结合马约拉纳退极化与黑体辐射布居再分布的新技术，测得HD⁺（v=0,L=3）振转态超精细间隔，不确定度达10ppb，其与理论值偏差及与同体系基态测量结果的一致性或可解决超精细结构的理论实验偏差问题。
AI 中文摘要
我们利用线性保罗阱（linear Paul trap）中HD⁺离子的微波光谱，首次测量了HD⁺（v=0,L=3）振转态多重态中的总超精细间隔。为克服相关量子态仅0.2%的低布居占比，我们采用一种新技术，将HD⁺集合的间歇性马约拉纳退极化与黑体辐射导致的转动态布居再分布相结合，使布居占比有效放大25倍。这一技术实现了对超精细跃迁中单个场不敏感磁子分量的观测，测得总超精细间隔为1050804.511±0.011 kHz，相对不确定度达10ppb，为前所未有水平。该测量值与理论预测值1050802.78±0.89 kHz相差1.9σ。我们证实，该实验值与近期测得的HD⁺（v=0,L=0）振转态超精细结构（C.M. König等人，HD⁺基态自旋结构的高精度彭宁阱光谱，Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 143002 (2026)）一致，后者也存在类似的理论与实验偏差。本研究或有助于解决此前在HD⁺光学振转光谱中观测到的超精细结构理论与实验间的令人困惑的偏差。
英文摘要
We report the first measurement of the total hyperfine interval in the manifold of the ($v=0,L=3$) rovibrational state of HD$^+$ using microwave spectroscopy of HD$^+$ ions in a linear Paul trap. To overcome the low (0.2%) occupancy of the quantum states involved, we employ a novel technique that combines intermittent Majorana depolarization of the HD$^+$ ensemble with redistribution of rotational-state population by blackbody radiation to effectively amplify the occupancy by a factor of 25. This enables the observation of a single field-insensitive magnetic subcomponent of the hyperfine transition, leading to a measured total hyperfine interval of ${1\,050\,804.511}\pm 0.011\,$kHz with an unprecedented relative uncertainty of 10 parts per billion. This differs from the theoretically predicted value ${1\,050\,802.78}\pm 0.89\,$kHz by 1.9$σ$. We show that our experimental value is consistent with the recently measured hyperfine structure of the ($v=0,L=0$) rovibrational state of HD$^+$ [C.M. König et al., High-precision Penning trap spectroscopy of the ground state spin structure of HD$^+$, Phys. Rev. Lett. $\mathbf{136}$,143002 (2026)], for which a similar deviation from theory was found. Our work may help resolve puzzling discrepancies between the theoretical and experimental hyperfine structure observed previously in optical rovibrational spectra of HD$^+$.
Comments7 pages, 3 figures. Supplemental Materials file available upon request to the corresponding author
