用于高速光子应用的电光活性超表面
Electro-Optic Active Metasurfaces for High-Speed Photonic Applications
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文综述了电光活性超表面领域的最新进展，对比了主流电光材料性能，总结了调制机制与谐振结构带来的调制效率提升，讨论了现存挑战并展望了未来方向，为其在高速光子应用中的实际使用提供了参考。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
超表面是人工工程化的超薄纳米结构表面，能够在紧凑平台上灵活操控光与物质的相互作用，因此在现代光学和光子学的广泛应用中具有重要意义，包括通信、计算、传感和量子技术。然而，传统超表面固有的静态特性严重限制了其功能和可能的应用范围。得益于用于调控光波前的超表面平台与超快电光（EO）材料的集成，活性电光超表面已成为面向先进光子器件的前沿研究方向。本文系统综述了该领域的最新进展，全面对比了铌酸锂、钛酸钡和有机电光聚合物等主流电光材料的性能及应用场景，总结了基于泡克尔斯（Pockels）和克尔（Kerr）效应的调制机制及相应的活性超表面实现方案，详细介绍并总结了通过合理利用谐振结构设计（包括法布里-珀罗谐振、米氏谐振、表面等离激元极化激元、连续谱中的准束缚态、表面晶格谐振和导模谐振）所实现的调制效率提升，还讨论了当前与超表面设计、纳米制造、性能及异质集成相关的挑战，最后概述了未来研究方向，强调跨学科发展、新型材料工程和人工智能辅助设计是实现活性电光超表面在现代光学和光子学（包括量子信息技术）中实际应用的关键途径。
英文摘要
Metasurfaces are artificially engineered ultrathin nanostructured surfaces, capable of flexibly manipulating light-matter interactions on compact platforms, and thereby of great significance for a wide range of applications within modern optics and photonics, including communications, computing, sensing, and quantum technologies. However, the inherently static nature of conventional metasurfaces severely limits their functionalities and thus range of possible applications. Benefiting from integration of the metasurface platform for shaping optical wavefronts with ultrafast electro-optic (EO) materials, active EO metasurfaces have emerged as a frontier research direction targeting advanced photonic devices. This paper systematically reviews the latest progress in this field, featuring a comprehensive comparison of performances and application scenarios of mainstream EO materials such as lithium niobate, barium titanate and organic EO polymers. Modulation mechanisms based on the Pockels and Kerr effects along with the corresponding active metasurface implementations are summarized. Furthermore, improvements in modulation efficiency enabled by advantageously exploiting resonant structural designs and associated phenomena, including Fabry-Perot resonances, Mie resonances, surface plasmon polaritons, quasi-bound states in the continuum, surface lattice resonances, and guided-mode resonances, are presented and summerized in detail. Current challenges related to metasurface design, nanofabrication, performance and heterogeneous integration are also discussed. Finally, future research directions are outlined, highlighting interdisciplinary developments, novel material engineering, and AI-assisted design as key pathways to enable practical use of active EO metasurfaces in modern optics and photonics, including quantum information technologies.
