用于射电天文学与航空安全系统中射频干扰共存的比较系统工程框架
A Comparative Systems-Engineering Framework for RFI Coexistence in Radio Astronomy and Aviation Safety Systems
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出统一共存余量框架，将射电天文与航空安全系统的两类干扰阈值标准统一，通过案例研究发现两者收敛于同一三要素解决方案，且射电干涉测量工具可复用至航空安全相关操作，核心贡献为该通用形式及设计模式。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
射电天文学与航空安全系统占据信号功率谱的两端，却依赖同一有限资源，且正日益受到商用宽带无线服务的挤压。两个领域分别采用看似不可通约的标准保护其接收机：射电望远镜采用ITU-R RA.769有害干扰阈值，5G C波段共存问题则采用RTCA第239特别委员会制定的雷达高度计干扰阈值。我们提出统一共存余量框架M(f,d)=Pth(f)-Prx(f,d)，并证明这两类标准均为其特例。将该框架应用于两个案例研究：MeerKAT与SKA-Mid周边的卡鲁射电宁静区，以及全球5G C波段/高度计争端，结果显示，尽管监管背景无关，两者均收敛于同一三要素解决方案：保护带分离、有限排除区及接收机侧滤波，由强制协调而非静态排除主导。随后我们证明，为射电干涉测量开发的干扰切除、波束成形及统计校准流程，与ADS-B验证、相控阵雷达杂波抑制及预测维护异常检测所需操作高度类似，且在若干场景下可直接复用。该统一框架及两类独立产生的监管机制收敛于同一设计模式的发现是本文核心贡献：据我们所知，M(f,d)此前未被提出作为覆盖这两类保护机制的通用形式，工具映射则区分了真正复用与宽泛类比。最终形成可复用设计模式及共享技能/基础设施流程，适用于窄带接收机需与日益增长的宽带商用邻接系统共存的所有场景。
英文摘要
Radio astronomy and aviation safety systems occupy opposite ends of the signal-power spectrum, yet both depend on the same finite resource and are increasingly squeezed by commercial broadband wireless services. The two fields protect their receivers using separately derived, apparently incommensurable criteria: the ITU-R RA.769 detrimental-interference threshold for radio telescopes, and the radar-altimeter interference thresholds established by RTCA Special Committee 239 for the 5G C-band coexistence problem. We introduce a single coexistence-margin framework, M(f,d) = Pth(f) - Prx(f,d), and show both criteria to be special cases of it. We apply this framework to two case studies, the Karoo Radio Quiet Zone surrounding MeerKAT and SKA-Mid, and the global 5G C-band/altimeter dispute, showing that, despite unrelated regulatory histories, both converged on the same three-lever solution: guard-band separation, bounded exclusion zones, and receiver-side filtering, governed by mandatory coordination rather than static exclusion. We then show that interference-excision, beamforming, and statistical-calibration pipelines developed for radio interferometry are closely analogous to, and in several cases directly reusable for, operations required by ADS-B validation, phased-array radar clutter rejection, and predictive-maintenance anomaly detection. The unifying framework, and the finding that two independently-arising regulatory histories converge on the same design pattern, is this papers central contribution: M(f,d) has not, to our knowledge, been proposed before as a common formalism spanning these two protection regimes, and the toolkit mapping distinguishes genuine reuse from looser analogy. The result is a reusable design pattern and shared skills/infrastructure pipeline, applicable wherever a narrowband receiver must coexist with a growing broadband commercial neighbour.
