AI 中文总结
本文在Haus和Adler的噪声系数研究基础上，扩展了射频系统设计的感知系统指标，引入运行效率指标，用于可靠评估实际条件下的器件性能。
AI 中文摘要
1958年，Haus和Adler[1]提出了噪声系数的概念。噪声系数是一种单一的定量指标，它通过结合噪声因子和可用功率增益，为比较器件（单个电路或优化迭代的结果）对整体系统噪声的贡献提供了全面的依据。与仅反映器件如何降低信噪比的噪声因子不同，噪声系数捕捉了噪声与增益之间的权衡，使其成为一种感知系统的指标。这种区别在多级系统中比较器件时尤为重要，因为在多级系统中，这两个参数共同影响整体系统噪声。基于Haus和Adler的研究，本文旨在通过扩展传统的器件指标（如噪声因子和噪声系数），加入新的感知系统指标：线性度、动态范围、功率效率和损耗指标，以推进射频系统设计。这些新指标具有可解释性、可计算性和级联性，非常适合比较单个器件的影响或跟踪电路设计迭代对整体系统级性能的收敛情况。此外，本文还引入了一种新指标——运行效率，该指标通过结合通信电路和系统中的信号统计特性与变异性，将功率效率、动态范围和数据速率统一起来。运行效率能够在实际和瞬态运行条件下（包括干扰、调制信号和自适应调制方案）对器件进行可靠评估。
英文摘要
In 1958, Haus and Adler [1] introduced the concept of noise measure. Noise measure is a single quantitative metric that provides a comprehensive basis for comparing devices (individual circuits or outcomes of optimization iterations) in terms of their contribution to overall system noise by incorporating both noise factor and available power gain. Unlike noise factor alone, which reflects how much a device degrades the signal-to-noise ratio, noise measure captures the trade-off between noise and gain, making it a system-aware metric. This distinction is especially important when comparing devices in multistage systems, where both parameters jointly influence the overall system noise. Building on Haus and Adler's work, this article aims to advance RF system design by extending traditional device metrics, such as noise factor and noise measure, with new system-aware metrics: linearity, dynamic range, power efficiency, and waste measures. These new measures are interpretable, computable, and cascadable, making them well-suited for comparing the impact of individual devices or tracking the convergence of circuit design iterations on overall system-level performance. Additionally, a new metric--operating efficiency--is introduced, which unifies power efficiency, dynamic range, and data rate by incorporating signal statistics and variability in communication circuits and systems. Operating efficiency enables robust evaluation of devices under realistic and transient operating conditions, including interference, modulated signals, and adaptive modulation schemes.
