基于上行SRS的商用5G NR手机被动到达角（AoA）估计：实用USRP-B210实现
Passive AoA Estimation of COTS 5G NR Handsets from Uplink SRS: A Practical USRP-B210 Implementation
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- iTEAM Research Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)（瓦伦西亚理工大学 iTEAM 研究所）
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究提出基于srsRAN Project gNB与USRP B210的被动框架，利用5G手机SRS实现多设备同时AoA估计，室内外实验验证其精度与可行性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本文提出一种网络侧被动框架，用于从商用5G手机的原生探测参考信号（SRS）传输中估计其上行到达角（AoA），且无需修改手机。该系统基于srsRAN Project gNB运行，采用校准后的双天线通用软件无线电外设（USRP）B210接收机与基于MUSIC的估计器，直接从各天线的SRS信道估计值中估计AoA，既无需修改协议，也无需用户设备配合。独立的SRS信道估计可支持最多4台商用手机的同时AoA估计。该框架通过室内外测量活动进行评估：室内n40与n78频段测量中，在30°宽边扇区内n40频段的均方根误差为1.5；室外真实5G独立组网部署实验验证了多用户同时运行能力，结果显示估计精度主要由传播条件和接收信号与干扰加噪声比（SINR）决定，而非发射机距离。这些结果证明了利用原生5G信号、低成本SDR硬件与商用手机实现被动上行AoA估计的可行性。
英文摘要
This paper presents a passive network-side framework for estimating the uplink angle of arrival (AoA) of unmodified commercial 5G handsets from native Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) transmissions. The proposed system operates on an srsRAN Project gNB and estimates AoA directly from the per-antenna SRS channel estimates using a calibrated two-element Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) B210 receiver and a MUSIC-based estimator, requiring neither protocol modifications nor user-equipment cooperation. Independent SRS channel estimates enable simultaneous AoA estimation for up to four commercial handsets. The framework is evaluated through indoor and outdoor measurement campaigns. Indoor measurements on bands n40 and n78 achieve a root-mean-square error of 1.5 on n40 over a 30 broadside sector. Outdoor experiments in a live 5G standalone deployment demonstrate simultaneous multi-user operation and show that estimation accuracy is primarily governed by propagation conditions and received signalto-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) rather than transmitter distance. These results demonstrate the feasibility of passive uplink AoA estimation using native 5G signaling, low-cost SDR hardware, and commercial handsets.
