解释蒸发悖论与全球能量蒸腾的动态理论
A Dynamic Theory for Explaining the Evaporation Paradox and Global Energy Transpiration
AI总结：
该研究针对蒸发悖论现象，构建非线性二阶中立时滞动态方程，提出“steamer”模型，揭示云量与蒸发的关系及全球能量蒸腾的时滞作用，解释蒸发悖论并明确大气与陆面稳定性。
AI中文摘要：
蒸发是水循环的一部分，也是大气与陆面之间的能量交换过程，其变化反映了全球变化。全球变暖下蒸发皿蒸发量（Epan）下降的现象被称为蒸发悖论，该现象在全球范围内及时间维度上均存在。20世纪50年代至2000年的大尺度观测显示，全球Epan随云量增加而下降；但在淮河流域，同期总云量与Epan均下降，全球其他部分区域也观测到类似现象。研究构建了云量与Epan随时间变化的非线性二阶中立时滞动态方程（NSNDE），涵盖蒸发悖论的形成、持续、减弱、复发等不同阶段；基于该方程提出名为“steamer”的新模型，包含一组动态方程以探究蒸发悖论。研究探讨了总云量对影响感热通量的因素的作用，揭示实际蒸发量（Ea）呈现与Epan、总云量相似的振荡特性，且在蒸发悖论的部分阶段二者呈互补关系；基于总云量与蒸发的关系建立了全球能量蒸腾的表达式，发现时滞在全球圈层间的能量交换中起重要作用，该关系还表明大气与陆面的稳定性。
英文摘要：
Evaporation is a part of water cycle and a process of energy exchange between atmosphere and land surface, its variation reflects global change. Pan evaporation decreases with global warming is the phenomena named evaporation paradox, which exits in worldwide and spatio-temporal. Broad-scale observations between the 1950s and 2000s revealed that global pan evaporation (Epan) decreases with increasing quantity of clouds. However, in the Huaihe River Basin, both the total cloud quantity and Epan decreased during this period, and similar phenomena were observed in some other regions of the globe. A nonlinear second-order neutral-delay dynamic equation (NSNDE) of the change in the cloud quantity and Epan with time was constructed, encompassing different stages (formation, duration, waning, recurring) of the evaporation paradox. On the basis of this equation, a new model named "steamer" was proposed, encompassing a set of dynamic equations to explore the evaporation paradox. The effects of the total cloud quantity on factors that affect the sensible heat flux are investigated, revealing that actual evaporation (Ea) displays similar oscillation properties as Epan and the total cloud quantity, and their relationship is complimentary in some stages of the evaporation paradox. On the basis of the relation between the total cloud quantity and evaporation, an expression for global energy transpiration was established, and the time delay plays an important role in energy exchange between global spheres. This relation indicates the stability of atmosphere and surface.
