AI 中文总结
本研究通过像素级深度学习方法SMDET，在存档的WISE和Spitzer数据中发现近距Y型矮星候选体SMDET-1，其自行快、温度低、距离近，凸显了存档数据搜寻及该深度学习方法的应用价值。
AI 中文摘要
我们报告SMDET-1的发现，这是一个红色、自行快速的天体（自行μ≈1.3角秒/年），通过名为SMDET的像素级深度学习方法在时间分辨的unWISE叠加图像中识别得到。尽管它在4.5微米波段相对明亮，与许多近期基于WISE的褐矮星发现结果相比，其[4.5]星等约为14.6等（Vega系统），但SMDET-1因位于非常拥挤的银道面天区（银纬b≈2.25°）且受更亮背景天体的污染而一直被忽略。SMDET-1还在2012年末的Spitzer Deep GLIMPSE巡天成像中偶然被探测到4.5微米波段的信号。SMDET-1在UKIDSS和Palomar/WIRC近红外成像中未被探测到，其有效温度（Teff）的最强约束来自Deep GLIMPSE的色限，即[3.6]星等减[4.5]星等大于2.81等，这也意味着它的测光距离非常近，小于7.4秒差距。该Spitzer色限对应Y型矮星的光谱型。SMDET-1表明，在WISE、Spitzer等存档数据中持续搜寻近距褐矮星的重要性，以及像素级深度学习在发现挑战传统分析方法的天文运动天体方面的潜力。
英文摘要
We present the discovery of SMDET-1, a red, fast-moving object ($μ\approx 1.3$"/yr) identified in time-resolved unWISE coadds using a pixel-level deep learning methodology called SMDET. Despite being relatively bright at 4.5 microns compared to many other recent WISE-based brown dwarf discoveries ($m_{[4.5]} \approx 14.6$ mag Vega), SMDET-1 had remained overlooked due to its location in a very crowded Galactic plane field ($b \approx 2.25^{\circ}$) and contamination from brighter background objects. SMDET-1 is also serendipitously detected at 4.5 microns in late-2012 Spitzer Deep GLIMPSE survey imaging. SMDET-1 is undetected in UKIDSS and Palomar/WIRC near-infrared imaging, with the strongest constraint on its temperature ($T_{\rm eff}$ < 391 K) arising from its Deep GLIMPSE color limit of $m_{[3.6]} - m_{[4.5]} > 2.81$ mag, which also implies a very nearby photometric distance < 7.4 pc. The Spitzer color bound corresponds to a Y dwarf phototype. SMDET-1 illustrates the importance of continued searches for nearby brown dwarfs within archival datasets like WISE and Spitzer, as well as the potential of pixel-level deep learning to discover astronomical moving objects that challenge traditional data analysis approaches.
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