AI 中文总结
研究人员利用非互易转向力矩，结合随机重置技术，实现了活性粒子快速自组装成具有可控功能的胶体微机器，解决了吸引力无法固定粒子取向的问题。
AI 中文摘要
组分的自组装决定了微观世界中的结构形成。吸引力可将活性粒子组装成胶体机器，但无法固定粒子的取向，这限制了对机器功能的控制。我们证明，非互易转向力矩不仅无需吸引力即可将活性粒子组装成团簇，还能将粒子取向与团簇构型关联起来，对称性决定团簇是静态、旋转还是平移。在小系统中，粒子数唯一决定稳定构型与功能；在大系统中，存在多种具有不同功能的稳定构型，调节力矩强度可偏向所需功能，如奔跑- tumble运动。由于驱动组装的相互作用可开关，团簇可按需自组装。为使这种“即时”自组装实用化，快速组装是必要的，我们通过短暂关闭推进力和力矩实现的随机重置，可通过规避慢路径显著加快组装。综上，我们的发现表明非互易力矩可快速将活性粒子组装成具有可控功能的胶体微机器。
英文摘要
Self-assembly of constituents determines structure formation in the microscopic world. Attractive forces can assemble active particles into colloidal machines, but they do not fix the particles' orientations, which limits control over the machine's function. We demonstrate that non-reciprocal turn-towards torques not only assemble active particles into clusters, without requiring attractive forces, but also link particle orientations to the cluster configuration. Symmetry then dictates whether the cluster is static, rotates, or translates. In small systems, the particle number uniquely determines the stable configuration and function. In larger systems, there are multiple stable configurations with distinct functions, and tuning the torque strength allows us to bias towards the desired function, such as a run-and-tumble motion. Because the interactions driving assembly can be switched on and off, the clusters self-assemble when needed. For such a "just-in-time" self-assembly to be practical, fast assembly is necessary. We show that stochastic resetting, implemented by briefly turning off propulsion and torque, significantly speeds up self-assembly by avoiding slow pathways. Together, our findings demonstrate that non-reciprocal torques can rapidly assemble active particles into colloidal micromachines with controllable function.
Comments10 pages, 7 figures
