单原子向相干光束发射共振荧光及其在非破坏性原子测温中的应用
A single atom emitting resonance fluorescence into a coherent beam, and its use for non-destructive atom thermometry
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究利用远失谐光偶极阱制备单原子与相干光束的相互作用，观测到依赖相位的一阶干涉，将其作为灵敏非破坏性温度计，实现了~30μK温度下4%不确定度、~200μs时间分辨率的测温。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
利用远失谐光偶极阱，我们将单个中性$^{87}$Rb原子置于弱的原子共振相干光束中，同时从正交方向强照射该原子以产生共振荧光。收集经原子修饰的相干光束并分析其光子统计，我们观测到一阶干涉，其可根据相干光束与共振荧光的相对相位使光束通量增加或减少，这验证了Goncalves等人[Phys. Rev. A 104, 013724]的预测。该干涉可见度还可作为灵敏的时间分辨非破坏性温度计：通过拟合所得光子计数分布，我们推断原子在阱内的质心定位。在每个原子对应1200个原子、每个原子积分时间80ms的条件下，我们实现了~30μK温度下4%的温度不确定度，时间分辨率达~200μs。
英文摘要
Using a far-off-resonance optical dipole trap, we place a single neutral $^{87}$Rb atom in a weak, atom-resonant coherent beam, while also strongly illuminating it from an orthogonal direction to produce resonance fluorescence. The atom-modified coherent beam is then collected and its photon statistics analyzed. We observe first-order interference that can increase or decrease the beam flux, depending on the relative phase of the coherent beam and resonance fluorescence. This confirms predictions of Goncalves et al. [Phys. Rev. A 104, 013724]. The interference visibility is also shown to be a sensitive, time-resolved, non-destructive thermometer: by fitting the resulting photon count distributions, we infer the center-of-mass localization of the atom within the trap. With $1200$ atoms and integration time of $80\mathrm{ms}$ per atom, we demonstrate temperature uncertainties of $4 %$ for $\sim 30 μ\mathrm{K}$ temperatures at $\sim 200μ\mathrm{s}$ time resolution.
