AI 中文总结
该研究构建了由't Hooft-Polyakov单极子组成暗物质的模型，通过调整暗费米子质量解决单极子丰度问题，预测暗辐射与引力波信号，相关候选体超出常规实验探测范围。
AI 中文摘要
我们构建了一个明确的模型，其中暗物质由't Hooft-Polyakov单极子组成。暗 sector 与标准模型处于热接触状态，暗单极子在早期宇宙的一次热相变中产生。一般而言，单极子的丰度相对于稳定暗基本粒子的丰度可忽略不计。我们展示了如何通过让最轻的稳定粒子（一种暗费米子）足够轻以抑制其丰度，同时又足够重以满足对暗辐射的约束，从而避免这一问题。在这个特定的参数窗口中，暗物质由质量约为10^8 GeV或更大的单极子组成，具体数值取决于相变的性质。该候选体超出了当前常规暗物质探测实验的探测范围。不过，该模型必然会预测暗辐射，其ΔN_eff接近当前的 bounds。此外，如果暗相变是强一阶的，我们发现对应的引力波谱接近未来干涉仪探测的区域。
英文摘要
We construct an explicit model where dark matter consists of 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles. The dark sector is in thermal contact with the Standard Model, and dark monopoles are created by a thermal phase transition in the early Universe. Generically, the abundance of monopoles is negligible with respect to that of stable dark elementary particles. We show how to avoid this by taking the lightest stable particle, a dark fermion, sufficiently light for its abundance to be suppressed, yet heavy enough to satisfy constraints on dark radiation. In this specific window of parameters, dark matter is composed of monopoles with a mass of about $10^8$ GeV or larger, depending on the nature of the phase transition. This candidate lies beyond the reach of present, conventional dark-matter detection experiments. However, the model necessarily predicts dark radiation, with $ΔN_{\rm eff}$ close to present-day bounds. In addition, if the dark phase transition is strongly first order, we find that the corresponding gravitational wave spectrum lies close to the region probed by future interferometers.
Comments24 + 12 pages, 9 + 5 figures
