AI 中文总结
本研究基于本地宇宙约束模拟SLOW估算TDE率，发现其空间分布与早期研究不同，TDE主要来自延展星系团晕的尖峰型卫星星系，产出由黑洞性质和空间集中度驱动。
AI 中文摘要
受LSST等即将开展的巡天项目驱动，我们利用本地宇宙网约束宇宙学模拟（SLOW）估算潮汐瓦解事件（TDE）率，以在全三维框架内检验传统二维解析外推法的局限性。我们旨在从 coma、武仙座、夏普利、室女座、英仙座超星系团环境及 Fornax 星系团的数字对应体的模拟 zoom-in 体积中，获取可靠的 TDE 预算。从六个环境的 zoom-in 边界体积（径向范围达55-92 Mpc）中，我们提取了黑洞人口统计数据（包括自旋）及其宿主星系性质，以建立严格保留动力学稳定“主序”黑洞的筛选方案。我们根据宿主星系在1 kpc范围内测得的三维恒星密度剖面斜率（作为未分辨核结构的代理），将宿主星系分类为尖峰型或核心型，并对筛选后的样本应用相对论 Kesden 效率修正。我们发现，在六个环境中，平均体积 TDE 率约为600 Gpc⁻³·yr⁻¹，平均每黑洞 TDE 率约为4.5×10⁻⁵ yr⁻¹。尽管我们的绝对 TDE 率与早期文献估算值相符，但潜在空间分布存在根本差异：中心核心区域的 TDE 率因动力学耗尽和直接捕获约束而大幅降低，意味着总 TDE 预算主要由延展星系团晕中的尖峰型卫星星系主导。TDE 产出由黑洞人口统计和空间集中度驱动，而非星系团总质量；活跃形成中的超星系团（如武仙座）因并合驱动的黑洞质量增长降低了每黑洞 TDE 效率，而低质量环境（如 Fornax）因未并合的低质量黑洞而效率极高。
英文摘要
(abridged) Motivated by upcoming surveys like LSST, we estimate tidal disruption event (TDE) rates using the constrained cosmological Simulation of the LOcal Web (SLOW) to test the limitations of traditional 2D analytical extrapolations within a fully 3D framework. We aim to provide reliable TDE budgets extracted from the simulated zoom-in volumes of the digital counterparts of the Coma, Hercules, Shapley, Virgo, and Perseus supercluster environments, and the Fornax galaxy cluster. From the zoom-in boundary volumes of the six environments, reaching radial extents of $55-92\,$Mpc, we extracted black hole demographics (including spin) and their host galaxy properties to establish a filter scheme that strictly preserves dynamically stable "main-sequence" black holes. We further classified host galaxies as cuspy or cored based on the slope of their 3D stellar density profile measured within $1\,$kpc as a proxy for unresolved nuclear structure and applied the relativistic Kesden efficiency correction to the filtered sample. We find an average volumetric and per black hole TDE rate of $\approx 600\,$Gpc$^{-3}\,$yr$^{-1}$ and $\approx 4.5\times 10^{-5}\,$yr$^{-1}$ across all six environments, respectively. Although our absolute TDE rates match early literature estimates, the underlying spatial distribution fundamentally differs. Central core rates are heavily reduced by dynamical depletion and direct capture constraints, meaning the total TDE budget is overwhelmingly dominated by cuspy satellite galaxies in the extended cluster halos. TDE yields are driven by black hole demographics and spatial concentration rather than total cluster mass. Actively assembling superclusters (e.g., Hercules) reduce per-black-hole TDE efficiencies via merger-driven black hole mass growth, whereas low-mass environments (e.g., Fornax) are highly efficient due to unmerged, low-mass black holes.
