AI 中文总结
本文研究印度补贴建设超1亿座厕所的卫生政策，发现该政策使河流粪便污染增加72%，虽总体降低儿童腹泻死亡率，但上游缺乏废水基础设施时积极健康效应消失，揭示卫生设施投资的意外负外部性。
AI 中文摘要
发展中国家加大卫生设施投资以改善儿童健康，但扩大厕所建设可能因粪便污泥处理基础设施不足产生水污染负外部性，抵消直接健康效益。本文评估印度一项补贴建设超1亿座厕所的卫生政策的负外部性，利用影响厕所建设可行性的土壤特征地理差异，发现该政策使河流粪便污染增加72%；尽管政策总体降低儿童腹泻死亡率，但上游缺乏足够废水基础设施时，这一积极健康效应会消失。
英文摘要
Developing countries have increased sanitation investment to improve child health. However, scaling up latrine construction can cause water pollution externalities owing to insufficient infrastructure for the treatment of fecal sludge, offsetting the direct health benefits. I estimate the negative externalities of an Indian sanitation policy that subsidized the construction of over 100 million latrines. Exploiting geographical variations in soil characteristics that affect the feasibility of latrine construction, I find that this policy increases fecal contamination of rivers by 72%. Although the policy reduces diarrheal child mortality overall, this positive health effect is eliminated when upstream areas lack adequate wastewater infrastructure.
Journal refMotohashi, Kazuki. "Unintended Consequences of Sanitation Investment: Negative Externalities on Water Quality and Health in India." Journal of Development Economics 182, (2026): 103793
DOI：10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103793
