永磁同步电机（PMSM）匝间短路故障缓解
Interturn Short Circuit Fault Mitigation in PMSMs
AI总结：
针对永磁同步电机匝间短路故障，提出一种无需额外硬件的控制缓解方法，通过改进磁场定向控制结构，可降低故障导致的输入功率和局部损耗增幅，并实时适应故障恶化。
AI中文摘要：
匝间短路是永磁同步电机驱动系统中最关键的故障之一，其特点是短路定子相产生局部发热，同时伴随电气不对称性，会扭曲用于转矩生成控制的电流反馈信号。本文提出一种基于控制的缓解方法，使标准三相电机驱动系统在故障后无需额外专用硬件即可运行。该方法利用标准控制环路信号提取的诊断特征，在磁场定向控制（FOC）结构中增加两种机制：一是生成受电阻损耗限制的电流参考值，二是在反馈路径中重构转矩生成电流分量。电流参考生成器基于离散时间故障后模型推导，可最小化电阻损耗；反馈重构则提供无故障的转矩生成电流分量，作为电流环路的控制变量。实验验证显示，该方法可使故障引起的输入功率增幅降低23%-36%，局部段损耗增幅降低18%-27%，同时确认其能实时适应通过短路电阻阶梯变化模拟的故障逐步恶化情况。
英文摘要：
Interturn short circuits are among the most critical faults in permanent magnet synchronous motor drives, as they combine localized heating in the shorted stator phase with electrical asymmetry that distorts the current feedback used for torque-producing control. This article proposes a control-based mitigation method enabling the post-fault operation of standard three-phase motor drives without additional dedicated hardware. Using the diagnostic features inferred from standard control-loop signals, the method augments the field-oriented control structure with two mechanisms: resistive-loss-limited current-reference generation and reconstruction of the torque-producing current components in the feedback path. The reference generator is derived from a discrete-time post-fault model and minimizes resistive losses, whereas the feedback reconstruction provides fault-free torque-producing current components as controlled variables of the current loop. The experimental validation has demonstrated reductions of up to 23-36% in the fault-induced increase in the input power and 18-27% in the local segment-loss increase, while confirming real-time adaptation to progressive fault aggravation emulated by stepped changes in the short circuit resistance.
