AI 中文总结
本文提出基于空间态层析的自动自参考传输矩阵测量技术，规避传统外部参考的限制，在多模光纤不同光源 regime 下实现完整传输矩阵恢复与高保真光束整形，拓展复杂介质光控制至宽带应用。
AI 中文摘要
光通过复杂介质的传播是诸多关键光学技术的基础，包括遥远恒星成像、空地通信，以及用细如发丝的多模光纤内窥镜进行生物组织内部成像。控制光在这类无序介质中传播的核心是传输矩阵，由于难以通过精确建模获得，必须通过实验测量。然而，传统测量方法依赖外部相位参考，对于低相干或宽带光源，外部参考的严格相干性、模式匹配、时间重叠和稳定性要求，会使这种表征变得极为困难或根本无法实现。现有自参考技术则采用算法脆弱的全局优化方法，依赖预先选定的固定内部参考，而这些参考与传输场的不完全重叠会产生测量盲区。本文提出一种基于空间态层析的自动自参考测量技术，规避了上述相干性和算法限制。该方法不依赖预先选定的参考或复杂的相位检索，而是系统地利用所有传播模式间的局部干涉作为分布式相位参考，无需先验假设。我们在多模光纤上针对相干、低相干和宽带三种 regime 进行实验演示，成功恢复其完整光学传输矩阵，并在每种情况下实现高保真度的空间和偏振光束整形。通过实现鲁棒、与光源匹配的自参考传输矩阵测量，该方法将复杂介质的光控制扩展至与生物医学成像、光通信和高功率激光应用相关的宽带照明 regime。
英文摘要
Light propagation through complex media underpins critical optical technologies, from imaging distant stars and ground-to-space communication to imaging inside biological tissue with hair-thin multimode fibre endoscopes. Central to controlling light through such disordered media lies the transmission matrix. Inaccessible to accurate modelling, the transmission matrix must be measured experimentally$-$yet this conventionally relies on techniques involving an external phase reference. For low-coherence or broadband sources, the stringent coherence, mode-matching, temporal-overlap, and stability requirements of that external reference can make such characterisation prohibitively difficult or fundamentally infeasible. Alternatively, existing self-referencing techniques use algorithmically fragile global optimisation methods, relying on fixed preselected internal reference(s), whose incomplete overlap with the transmitted field can create measurement blind spots. Here, we introduce an automatic self-referencing measurement technique based on spatial state tomography that circumvents these coherence and algorithmic limitations. Rather than relying on a preselected reference or complex phase retrieval, our approach systematically leverages the local interference among all propagating modes as distributed phase references without prior assumptions. We demonstrate this framework experimentally for a multimode fibre across coherent, low-coherence, and broadband regimes, recovering its complete optical transmission matrix and performing high-fidelity spatial and polarisation beam shaping in each case. By enabling robust, source-matched, self-referencing transmission-matrix measurement, our method extends light control through complex media into broadband illumination regimes relevant to biomedical imaging, optical communications, and high-power laser applications.
CommentsMain text 13 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary Information 18 pages, 13 figures
