脉冲整形提高脉冲等离子体加速器的效率
Pulse Shaping Increases Efficiency in Pulsed Plasma Accelerators
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究通过可编程脉冲整形技术，利用固态集成功率模块调控脉冲参数，使气体馈送型脉冲电磁推进器的比冲提升278%、推力效率从0.2%升至3.3%，优化了推进器性能。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
气体馈送型脉冲电磁推进器的性能取决于在推进剂可用于加速时沉积电能的能力。当前脉冲功率系统需要在产生高排气速度的大电流放电与使能量沉积与更多气体注入重叠的长脉冲之间进行权衡，这种有限的控制限制了这些推进器的比冲和质量利用率。本研究引入可编程脉冲整形作为一种增强能量沉积控制、扩展可及工作空间的方法，采用固态集成功率模块，在推进剂注入时改变放电延迟、脉冲宽度、峰值电流和电流波形形状。对30至500μs脉冲宽度、3kA至16kA峰值电流的实验表明，在可比放电能量下，短时间大电流脉冲比长时间小电流脉冲产生更高的排气速度和更大的冲量比特；这些开关还能在单次气体注入期间实现任意位置和持续时间的多次放电，这种微脉冲串操作通过改进推进剂利用率，使空气中的比冲从840s提高到3177s，增幅达278%，同时相同的脉冲整形能力使空气中的推力效率从单次操作的0.2%提升至微脉冲串操作的3.3%。
英文摘要
The performance of a gas-fed pulsed electromagnetic thruster is governed by the ability to deposit electrical energy while propellant is available for acceleration. Current pulsed-power systems require tradeoffs between high-current discharges that produce high exhaust velocities and longer pulses that overlap the energy deposition with more of the gas injection. This limited control restricts the specific impulse and mass utilization of these thrusters. This work introduces programmable pulse shaping as a method to increase control over energy deposition and expand the accessible operating space. We use solid-state integrated power modules to vary the discharge delay, pulse width, peak current, and the shape of the current waveform as propellant is injected. Experiments varying pulse widths from 30 to 500 $μ$s and peak currents from 3 kA to 16 kA show that short, high-current pulses produce higher exhaust velocities and greater impulse bits than longer, lower-current pulses at comparable discharge energy. The switches also enable multiple discharges of arbitrary positioning and duration during a single gas injection. This micro-burst operation is shown to increase specific impulse in air by 278\% from 840 to 3177 s through improved propellant utilization. This same pulse shaping ability is found to increase thrust efficiency from 0.2\% in single-shot operation to 3.3\% in micro-burst operation while operating with air.
