润湿转变附近液-气界面处由协方差驱动的动量整流
Covariance-Driven Momentum Rectification at Liquid-Vapor Interfaces Near Wetting Transitions
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究针对零均值外力下液-气界面的定向输运问题，构建了基于局部响应场与切向驱动力协方差的守恒连续介质模型，揭示了润湿转变附近的动量整流规律与增益机制，并提出对称性约束的动量核算方案。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
当介质以空间结构化的方式作出响应且相关对称性被破缺时，零均值的外力可产生定向输运。液-气界面是研究这一问题的理想场景，因为表面张力梯度、润湿动力学、蒸汽交换、毛细波与声波、电离子屏蔽、热噪声以及边界柔度都能够传递动量。我们构建了一个守恒连续介质模型，其核心物理量是局部响应场与零均值切向驱动力之间的协方差⟨Mf⟩−⟨M⟩⟨f⟩，该协方差被纳入明确的动量收支体系中。在最简扩散界面实现形式下，该协方差给出了结构化壁面上方由Marangoni效应驱动的液-气界面的相选择漂移规律U∝ε_hΘsinφ，当对称性恢复时该漂移精确为零。润湿磁化率随后充当有界增益因子：一阶旋节线条件提供了有效的放大区间，临界润湿因界面脱附消除短程驱动力而达到饱和，而体相临界行为则随着界面消失抑制该输运通道。相变、波动、热输运、电离子耦合、柔度以及涨落等额外储能项被视为补偿通道，可通过符号反转、标度律和收支闭合来分离。本研究的结果并非一种新的微观力，也不是器件层面的主张，而是一套适用于水基界面系统中整流动量传递的对称性约束核算方案。简化数值计算验证了相选择规则、有界旋节线增益、动量收支闭合、横向手性以及网格收敛性。
英文摘要
Zero-mean forcing can generate directed transport when a medium responds in a spatially structured way and the relevant symmetries are broken. Liquid-vapor interfaces are a useful setting for this problem because surface-tension gradients, wetting dynamics, vapor exchange, capillary and acoustic waves, electro-ionic screening, thermal noise, and boundary compliance can all carry momentum. We develop a conservative continuum model in which the central object is the covariance between a local response field and a zero-mean tangential drive, $\langle Mf\rangle-\langle M\rangle\langle f\rangle$, embedded in an explicit momentum ledger. In a minimal diffuse-interface realization, this covariance gives the phase-selective drift law $U\proptoε_hΘ\sinφ$ for a Marangoni-driven liquid-vapor interface above a structured wall, with exact nulls when the symmetry is restored. Wetting susceptibility then acts as a bounded gain factor: first-order spinodal conditions provide the useful amplification regime, critical wetting saturates because interfacial unbinding removes the short-range drive, and bulk criticality suppresses the channel as the interface disappears. Additional reservoirs - phase change, waves, thermal transport, electro-ionic coupling, compliance, and fluctuations - are treated as compensating channels to be isolated by sign reversals, scaling laws, and budget closure. The result is neither a new microscopic force nor an apparatus-level claim, but a symmetry-constrained accounting scheme for rectified momentum transfer in water-based interfacial systems. Reduced numerical calculations illustrate the phase-selection rules, bounded spinodal gain, momentum-budget closure, transverse chirality, and grid convergence.
