AI 中文总结
本研究首次实现双黑洞四个关键参数的联合四维分布数据驱动重建，表征出四个不同子群，为双黑洞子群的天体物理起源提供了新的模型无关约束。
AI 中文摘要
LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA合作组的累积引力波星表中存在多个双黑洞（BBH）子群的有力证据，这些子群可能起源于不同的演化通道。对这一复杂潜在群体的天体物理解释，受限于双星恒星演化、核心坍缩及宿主环境处理中的理论不确定性。由于缺乏可靠预测且合理特征的多样性极高，强建模的群体分析常导致先验驱动的结论；而灵活的替代方法往往难以扩展到高维，可能丢失天体物理相关关联的关键信息。在本文中，我们首次实现了对双黑洞主质量、质量比、有效并合自旋及有效进动自旋参数的联合四维分布的数据驱动重建，为双黑洞子群的天体物理起源提供了新的模型无关约束。我们表征了四个覆盖不同双黑洞质量范围的 distinct 子群，并在这些特定质量范围内报告了新的关联，这些关联是强建模参数化和低维数据驱动框架无法捕捉的。我们的结果揭示了孤立双星演化、动力学并合及分层并合等特定子通道在天体物理双黑洞群体各质量范围内丰度的新见解。
英文摘要
There is strong evidence of multiple binary black hole~(BBH) subpopulations in the cumulative gravitational wave catalog by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration that likely originate through distinct evolutionary channels. The astrophysical interpretation of this complex underlying population is subject to theoretical uncertainties in treatments of binary stellar evolution, core collapse, and host environments. Due to a lack of robust predictions and the sheer diversity of plausible features, strongly modelled population analyses often lead to prior-driven conclusions. On the other hand, flexible alternatives are often difficult to scale in higher dimensions, which can lead to a loss of critical information on astrophysically meaningful correlations. In this \textit{Letter}, we present the first data-driven reconstruction of the joint four-dimensional distribution of BBH primary masses, mass ratios, effective inspiral and effective precessing spin parameters, which yields novel model-agnostic constraints on the astrophysical origins of BBH subpopulations. We characterize four distinct subpopulations spanning different ranges of BBH masses and report new correlations in these specific mass ranges that are beyond the reach of strongly modeled parametrizations and lower-dimensional data-driven frameworks. Our results unveil novel insights into the abundances of specific subchannels of isolated binary evolution, dynamical assembly, and hierarchical mergers across various mass ranges in the astrophysical BBH population.
