AI 中文总结
本文综述小尺度宇宙结构对暗物质的约束，聚焦小于1 Mpc尺度的可观测量，探讨其对微物理暗物质模型的限制、相关不确定性及未来观测设施的作用。
AI 中文摘要
小尺度宇宙结构为暗物质（DM）的基本性质提供了强有力的检验。多种DM模型会影响小尺度上的物质成团，包括温暗物质、模糊暗物质以及（自）相互作用暗物质。在这些场景中，自由流、波干涉、自相互作用或与标准模型的相互作用等DM物理过程会改变暗物质晕的数量和内部结构。因此，对非线性结构的宇宙学和天体物理学探针——包括矮星系、强引力透镜、莱曼α森林、恒星流和高红移星系——对这些效应十分敏感。本文综述了小尺度结构提供的DM约束，重点关注探测小于约1 Mpc尺度的可观测量，这是当前测量的前沿。我们总结了这些约束如何转化为对微物理DM模型的限制，讨论了关键的建模不确定性和观测系统误差，最后强调了探针组合和基于模拟的推断在该领域日益增长的重要性，并概述了将强化DM物理小尺度结构检验的未来观测设施。
英文摘要
Small-scale cosmic structure provides a powerful test of the fundamental nature of dark matter (DM). A wide range of DM models impact matter clustering on small scales, including warm, fuzzy, and (self-)interacting DM. In these scenarios, DM physics such as free-streaming, wave interference, and self/Standard Model interactions alter the abundance and internal structure of DM halos. Cosmological and astrophysical probes of nonlinear structure---including dwarf galaxies, strong lensing, the Lyman-$α$ forest, stellar streams, and high-redshift galaxies---are therefore sensitive to these effects. Here, we review DM constraints provided by small-scale structure, focusing on observables that probe scales smaller than $\sim 1~\mathrm{Mpc}$, which define the frontier of current measurements. We summarize how these constraints have been translated to limits on microphysical DM models, and we discuss key modeling uncertainties and observational systematics. Finally, we highlight the growing importance of probe combination and simulation-based inference for this field, and we overview upcoming observational facilities that will sharpen small-scale structure tests of DM physics.
Comments73 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables; submitted to Reviews of Modern Physics; comments welcome
