AI系统与世界英语中（标准）语言意识形态的再生产
AI systems and the reproduction of (standard) language ideologies in World Englishes
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文探讨AI系统如何再生产世界英语领域的（标准）语言意识形态，以“标准化悖论”为例分析争议，主张采用更具包容性的AI设计方法。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
大型语言模型（LLMs）的快速发展，重新引发了社会语言学和世界英语领域由来已久的问题，比如谁来决定何种英语是合法的、谁的英语会受到质疑等。本文探讨AI系统、其应用及相关论述如何反映、强化，偶尔也挑战那些偏向核心圈规范、边缘化非主导英语的（标准）语言意识形态。通过实证研究、媒体评论、社交媒体辩论的证据，以及AI输出的实例，本文表明AI技术在训练数据、设计协议、评估基准、用户反馈和公共评论等不同层面再生产了主导语言意识形态。分析以关于AI生成语言的公开争议，尤其是对“delve”一词的执着，说明全球北方英语使用者如何监管全球南方英语使用者的英语规范。本文还指出了克里斯蒂安·迈尔所称的“标准化悖论”：AI可能通过偏向标准形式使英语同质化，同时通过接触全球南方使用者开展的广泛语料库和标注工作，使英语多样化。本文认为，生成式AI正在重新点燃世界英语领域关于标准化、合法性和英语所有权的长期辩论，这些辩论如今在算法系统、模型训练、评估实践和公共论述中展开，其中非主导英语日益与AI生成语音混同。本文将AI系统视为语言意识形态被（再）生产的场所，主张采用更具包容性的设计方法，承认英语的多样性，以应对将某些英语视为更合法而产生的现实负面影响。
英文摘要
The rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) has resurrected age-old questions in sociolinguistics and world Englishes, such as who decides what counts as legitimate English, whose English is suspect etc. This paper examines how AI systems, their uses and discourse on them reflect, reinforce, and occasionally challenge (standard) language ideologies, which privilege Inner Circle norms and marginalize non-dominant Englishes. Drawing on evidence from empirical studies, media commentary, social media debates, and examples from AI outputs, the paper shows that AI technologies reproduce dominant language ideologies at different levels: training data, design protocols, evaluation benchmarks, user feedback and public commentary. The analysis uses the public controversy over AI-sounding language, especially the fixation on the word delve, to illustrate how speakers of English from the Global North police the English language norms of Global South English users. The paper also identifies what Christian Mair has called a "standardisation paradox": AI may homogenize English by privileging standard forms and at the same time pluralize Englishes through exposure to wide-ranging corpora and annotation work carried out by Global South users. In doing so, the paper argues that generative AI is reigniting long-standing debates in World Englishes about standardization, legitimacy, and the ownership of English, now playing out in algorithmic systems, model training, evaluation practices, and public discourse, where non-dominant Englishes are increasingly conflated with AI-generated speech. Discussing AI systems as a site where language ideologies are (re)produced, the paper argues for more inclusive design approaches that recognize the plurality of Englishes in order to address the real-world negative consequences of treating some as more legitimate than others.
