AI 中文总结
该研究设计并建造了CRILIN半均匀晶体量能器原型，经CERN SPS束流测试验证，其具备良好的时间与能量分辨率，适用于未来轻子对撞机实验。
AI 中文摘要
CRILIN是一种基于纵向分段PbF₂晶体矩阵的高粒度半均匀电磁量能器，采用紫外增强型硅光电倍增管（SiPM）读出，该概念结合了快速切伦科夫响应、精细横向粒度、纵向簇射信息和辐射耐受性，适用于未来轻子对撞机实验。本文报道了大面积原型的建造及其在欧洲核子中心（CERN）超级质子同步加速器（SPS）的束流测试中测得的性能。该探测器包含5个7×7的PbF₂晶体矩阵，深度约为22个辐射长度（X₀），每个晶体由4个3×3 mm²的SiPM读出，集成在单个电子通道中。采用10至120 GeV的电子数据和专用的150 GeV缪子数据来表征探测器响应，对于能量高于10 GeV的电子，实现了低于50 ps的时间分辨率，能量高于60 GeV时，时间分辨率低于20 ps。能量分辨率由随机项（6.58±0.04）%/√(E/GeV)和常数项（0.23±0.02）%描述，还包含由 pedestal 数据确定的额外噪声贡献。纵向分段功能支持基于重建簇射发展的逐事件校正，显著改善了能量分辨率。利用电子簇射和最小电离粒子一致测得的光产额约为0.54个光电子/MeV，基于Geant4的模拟（包含相关实验效应）重现了测得的能量分辨率。这些结果验证了CRILIN架构可作为紧凑、快速且纵向分段的电磁量能器，适用于未来对撞机实验。
英文摘要
CRILIN is a high-granularity semi-homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on longitudinally segmented PbF$_2$ crystal matrices read out by UV-extended silicon photomultipliers. The concept combines fast Cherenkov response, fine transverse granularity, longitudinal shower information, and radiation tolerance for future lepton-collider experiments. This paper reports the construction of a large-area prototype and its performance measured in beam tests at the CERN SPS. The detector comprises five $7\times7$ PbF$_2$ crystal matrices, has a depth of about $22X_0$, and is read out by four $3\times3~\mathrm{mm}^2$ SiPMs per crystal integrated in a single electronic channel. Electron data between 10 and 120~GeV and dedicated 150~GeV muon data were used to characterize the detector response. A time resolution below 50~ps is achieved for electron energies above 10~GeV, reaching values below 20~ps above 60~GeV. The energy resolution is described by a stochastic term of $(6.58\pm0.04)\%/\sqrt{E/\mathrm{GeV}}$ and a constant term of $(0.23\pm0.02)\%$, with an additional noise contribution fixed from pedestal data. The longitudinal segmentation enables event-by-event corrections based on the reconstructed shower development, resulting in a significant improvement of the energy resolution. A light yield of approximately 0.54~photoelectrons/MeV is measured consistently using both electron showers and minimum-ionizing particles. A Geant4-based simulation incorporating the relevant experimental effects reproduces the measured energy resolution. These results validate the CRILIN architecture as a compact, fast, and longitudinally segmented electromagnetic calorimeter for future collider experiments.
Journal refJINST 21 (2026) P09015
DOI：10.1088/1748-0221/21/09/P09015
