AI 中文总结
本文评估工业应用中5种母线保护方案，综述其原理、局限及NBBP的优化措施，为提升电力系统可靠性提供参考。
AI 中文摘要
母线保护是工业电力系统可靠性的基石，因为开关设备故障会快速蔓延并延长恢复时间。2022年台湾“303大停电”由短路故障引发，CT（电流互感器）监管闭锁加剧了故障，凸显了集中电网中母线保护设计不足的严重后果。尽管有大量学术和工业指南，母线保护设计仍存在实际挑战，包括CT布置、动态区域选择、CT饱和及不断演变的故障场景，标准和指南往往无法反映不同系统工况下的运行局限。本文对工业应用中的母线保护（BBP）方案进行结构化评估，研究了对地泄漏、高阻抗差动（87Z）、联锁过流（ILOC）、电子式（EBBP）及数字式（NBBP）方案，分析其工作原理、实施要求及对不同母线配置的适用性。对比分析凸显了不同母线保护方案间的明显权衡，主要贡献为：（i）系统综述经典及现代母线保护方案；（ii）明确各类母线保护的运行局限；（iii）对比NBBP中CT监管、检查区域及方向检查的集成情况，以减少误动。讨论强调了可靠母线保护设计在防止级联停电、维持系统可靠性方面的作用。
英文摘要
Busbar protection is a cornerstone of industrial power system reliability, as failures at switchgear can propagate rapidly and extend restoration times. The Taiwan "303 blackout" in 2022, initiated by a short-circuit fault and aggravated by CT supervision lockout, illustrates the severe consequences of inadequate designs on busbar protection in centralized grids. Despite extensive academic and industrial guidance, practical challenges remain in busbar protection design, including CT placement, dynamic zone selection, CT saturation, and evolving fault scenarios. Standards and guides often fail to reflect operational limitations under diverse system conditions. This paper provides a structured evaluation of busbar protection (BBP) schemes in industrial applications. Leakage-to-frame, high-impedance differential (87Z), interlocking overcurrent (ILOC), electronic (EBBP), and numerical (NBBP) schemes are examined with respect to their operating principles, implementation requirements, and suitability for different bus configurations. Comparative analysis highlights clear trade-offs in different busbar protection schemes. The main contributions are: (i) systematic review of classical and modern busbar protection schemes, (ii) identification of operational limitations with various busbar protection, and (iii) comparison on the integration of CT supervision, check zones, and directional checks in NBBP to mitigate maloperations. The discussion reinforces the role of robust busbar protection design in preventing cascading outages and maintaining system reliability.
CommentsThe International Council on Electrical Engineering Conference 2026
