发表机构
School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney; Macquarie University; The University of New South Wales（悉尼大学计算机学院; 麦考瑞大学; 新南威尔士大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究评估6款主流生成式AI在伊斯兰知识领域的可靠性，发现其仅适用于伊斯兰入门学习辅助，需验证后才可用于宗教指导或学术研究，为相关群体提供实践指导。
AI 中文摘要
生成式人工智能（AI）正越来越多地被穆斯林用于宗教指导、古兰经解读、圣训阐释、教法裁决及伊斯兰教育。尽管其应用日益广泛，但关于当前AI系统是否能提供适合高信任度宗教场景的真实、可验证且可信的伊斯兰知识，相关实证证据仍较为有限。本研究评估了6款主流生成式AI系统，采用50个贴近现实的开放式伊斯兰问题，涵盖古兰经解读、圣训、教法、伦理、牧灵建议及教法学派敏感话题。在澳大利亚和英国参与者的真实场景下收集回复，运用混合方法框架从领域准确性、引用验证、幻觉、教法一致性、不确定性处理、来源出处及地理差异维度进行分析。研究解决4个研究问题：1. AI生成的回复在主要伊斯兰知识领域的准确性和真实性如何？2. AI系统产生幻觉、引用不完整或不可验证宗教引用的程度如何？3. 模型处理教法分歧、教法学派多样性及不确定性的一致性如何？4. 当前AI系统是否足够可靠，可用于宗教指导、伊斯兰教育及学术研究？总体而言，当前生成式AI系统作为伊斯兰入门学习的辅助工具具有价值，但不应被视为宗教裁决或伊斯兰研究的权威来源，需对照经认证的原始资料及合格的学术专业知识进行验证。本研究是首批对伊斯兰知识领域内AI可靠性开展的综合实证评估之一，为研究人员、教育工作者、AI开发者及广大穆斯林社区提供了实践指导。
英文摘要
Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used by Muslims for religious guidance, Qur'anic interpretation, Hadith explanation, jurisprudential rulings, and Islamic education. Despite its growing adoption, there is limited empirical evidence on whether current AI systems provide authentic, verifiable, and trustworthy Islamic knowledge suitable for high-trust religious contexts. This study evaluates six leading generative AI systems using fifty realistic open-ended Islamic questions covering Qur'anic interpretation, Hadith, Fiqh, ethics, pastoral advice, and Madhhab-sensitive topics. Responses were collected under real-world conditions from participants in Australia and the United Kingdom and analysed using a mixed-method framework examining domain accuracy, citation verification, hallucinations, jurisprudential consistency, uncertainty handling, source provenance, and geographical variation. The study addresses four research questions: (1) How accurate and authentic are AI-generated responses across major Islamic knowledge domains? (2) To what extent do AI systems produce hallucinations, incomplete citations, or unverifiable religious references? (3) How consistently do models handle jurisprudential disagreement, Madhhab diversity, and uncertainty? (4) Are current AI systems sufficiently reliable for religious guidance, Islamic education, and scholarly research? Overall, current generative AI systems are valuable as assistive tools for introductory Islamic learning but should not be treated as authoritative sources for religious rulings or Islamic research without verification against authenticated primary sources and qualified scholarly expertise. This study provides one of the first comprehensive empirical evaluations of AI reliability within Islamic knowledge, offering practical guidance for researchers, educators, AI developers, and the wider Muslim community.
