发表机构
Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau（澳门大学应用物理及材料工程研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究基于阿拉戈-菲涅耳定律，通过计算位移光子自旋态组合光束的斯托克斯参数，实现了量子阿拉戈-菲涅耳干涉，可纯光学测定未知入射光子的自旋。
AI 中文摘要
阿拉戈和菲涅耳提出的四条定律区分了两束光的共面性以确定其干涉能力，为光的偏振概念化奠定了历史里程碑。借助非经典态的现代描述，我们重新研究可由光子螺旋度产生的宏观阿拉戈-菲涅耳干涉。为此，我们计算由正则相干态（从真空位移而来）与位移单光子自旋态（从光子的左或右旋态位移而来）组合而成的偏振光束的斯托克斯参数。自旋取向及其相对于位移相干态偏振取向的相对不对称性，产生了不同的参数依赖关系，从而形成了不同的干涉条纹。相反，这种量子干涉测量建立了一种纯光学方法，用于确定未知入射光子的自旋。
英文摘要
The laws of Arago and Fresnel relate the polarization of light to its capacity for interference. We investigate their quantum counterpart at the level of the fundamental helicity states of a single photon. To this end, we introduce displaced photon helicity states (DPHS), constructed by coherently displacing single-photon helicity eigenstates. The displacement bridges the microscopic spin degree of freedom and macroscopic polarization observables, enabling interference effects that would otherwise be inaccessible to isolated photons. We derive analytical expressions for the Stokes parameters associated with the interference between DPHS and coherent optical fields and show that opposite helicities generate distinct parameter dependences in the resulting fringe structure. The interference constitutes a quantum realization of Arago-Fresnel interference and permits the helicity of an unknown photon to be inferred from the Stokes response of the combined field. Beyond this application, DPHS generalize the framework of displaced nonclassical states from photon-number excitations to the helicity degree of freedom of light.
