探测RHIC上质心系能量√s_NN=200 GeV的等压碰撞中的（超）核子波函数与产生机制
Probing (Hyper)Nuclei Wave Functions and Production Mechanisms in $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=200$ GeV Isobar Collisions at RHIC
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中文总结 AI 辅助
STAR合作组在RHIC的等压碰撞实验中测量（超）核子产生，发现相关比值偏离热模型预期，结合非高斯波函数的合并计算可更好描述数据，揭示超氚核波函数的短程特性，为探测超核子波函数提供新方法。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
对核子与超核子产生的研究是探究高能重离子碰撞中弱束缚态形成机制的有力工具。合并模型的一项关键预测是，由于超氚核（${}^{3}_{\rm Λ}\rm H$）的半径更大，在小碰撞系统中其产生相对于${}^{3}\rm He$会受到强烈抑制。本文中，STAR合作组报告了在质心系能量√s_NN=200 GeV的Ru+Ru与Zr+Zr碰撞中，快度中心区域（超）核子（${}^{3}_{\rm Λ}\rm H$、${}^{3}_{\rm \bar{Λ}}\rm \bar{H}$、${}^{3}\rm He$、${}^{3}\rm \bar{He}$、t）的产生随碰撞中心度变化的测量结果。我们发现，比值$N_{t}N_{p}/N_{d}^{2}$和$S_{3} =(N_{{}^{3}_{\rm Λ}\rm H}/N_{{}^{3}_{}\rm He}})/(N_{Λ}/N_{p})$与热模型的预期存在显著偏差。结合氘核（d）和超氚核（${}^{3}_{\rm Λ}\rm H$）的真实非高斯波函数的合并计算，能更好地描述实验数据，而超氚核波函数的高斯描述无法同时复现测得的$S_{3}$和超氚核的结合能。这些结果表明，超氚核的波函数包含的短程d-Λ概率比高斯近似所暗示的更大，证明了重离子碰撞产生测量可作为探测超核子波函数以及超子-核子相互作用的潜在工具。
英文摘要
The study of nuclei and hypernuclei production is a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. A key prediction from coalescence models is a strong suppression of the hypertriton (${}^{3}_Λ\rm{H}$) compared to ${}^{3}\rm{He}$ production in small collision systems due to the larger radius of ${}^{3}_Λ\rm{H}$. In this letter, the STAR collaboration reports measurements on (hyper)nuclei ($^{3}_Λ\rm{H}, {}^{3}_{\barΛ}\rm{\bar{H}}, {}^{3}\rm{He}, {}^{3}\rm{\overline{He}}, t$) production at mid-rapidity in Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=200$ GeV as a function of collision centrality. We find that the ratios $N_{t}N_{p}/N_{d}^{2}$ and $S_{3} =(N_{{}^{3}_Λ\rm{H}}/N_{{}^{3}_{}\rm{He}})/(N_Λ/N_{p})$ deviate significantly from thermal model expectations. Coalescence calculations incorporating realistic non-Gaussian wave functions for the $d$ and ${}^{3}_Λ\rm{H}$ provide an improved description of the data, while Gaussian descriptions of the ${}^{3}_Λ\rm{H}$ wave function fail to simultaneously reproduce the measured $S_{3}$ and the binding energy of ${}^{3}_Λ\rm{H}$. These results suggest that the ${}^{3}_Λ\rm{H}$ wave function contains larger short-distance $d$--$Λ$ probability than implied by a Gaussian ansatz, demonstrating the potential of heavy-ion production measurements as a probe of hypernuclear wave functions and the underlying hyperon--nucleon interaction.
