AI 中文总结
该研究利用视宁度受限观测的空间信息，开发了可诊断大气与圆顶湍流的技术，构建三维PSF模型，可用于图像重建等并优化未来极大望远镜运行。
AI 中文摘要
大气湍流仍是地基天文学中图像退化的主要来源，其影响不仅取决于积分湍流强度，还取决于波前空间相干外尺度（\boldsymbol{L}_0）以及望远镜镜筒内产生的湍流（圆顶视宁度）。尽管主要天文台会常规监测视宁度、相干时间及相关参数，但对\boldsymbol{L}_0和圆顶诱导湍流的测量仍较为匮乏，这限制了我们预测图像质量和构建精确点扩散函数（PSF）模型的能力。基于近期为视宁度受限积分场光谱（IFS）数据开发的方法，我们开展了一系列互补研究，展示如何利用标准观测中编码的空间信息来诊断大气和圆顶湍流。我们通过分析与波长相关的空间轮廓，研究将这些技术从IFS观测扩展到其他视宁度受限仪器的可行性。我们还基于大气统计数据开发了数据驱动的三维PSF模型，用于重建视宁度受限的IFS观测。这些结果表明，来自存档数据和天文台常规运行的广泛可用的视宁度受限科学观测，能够为关键湍流参数和圆顶视宁度的光谱行为提供有意义且实用的约束，补充专用的台站测试仪器。由此产生的湍流诊断直接应用于PSF建模、图像重建、图像质量预测以及未来极大望远镜（ELT）运行的优化。
英文摘要
Atmospheric turbulence remains the dominant source of image degradation in ground-based astronomy. Its impact depends not only on the integrated turbulence strength but also on the wavefront spatial-coherence outer scale (\LO) and on turbulence generated within the telescope enclosure (dome seeing). While seeing, coherence time, and related parameters are routinely monitored at major observatories, measurements of \LO\ and dome-induced turbulence remain sparse, limiting our ability to predict image quality and to construct accurate point-spread function (PSF) models. Building on methodology recently developed for seeing-limited integral-field spectroscopic (IFS) data, we present a series of complementary studies showing how spatial information encoded in standard observations can be used to diagnose both atmospheric and dome turbulence. We investigate the feasibility of extending these techniques beyond IFS observations to other seeing-limited instruments through the analysis of wavelength-dependent spatial profiles. We also present the development of data-driven three-dimensional PSF models based on atmospheric statistics for the reconstruction of seeing-limited IFS observations. These results show that widely available seeing-limited scientific observations, both from archival data and routine observatory operations, can provide meaningful and operationally useful constraints on key turbulence parameters and on the spectral behavior of dome seeing, complementing dedicated site-testing instrumentation. The resulting turbulence diagnostics have direct applications to PSF modelling, image reconstruction, image-quality prediction, and the optimization of future ELT operations.
Comments14 pages, 7 Figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2026, Paper 14150-252
