氧化物纳米管支架上的可调谐保形石墨烯生长：面向超润湿分级2D-3D结构
Tunable Conformal Graphene Growth on Oxide Nanotube scaffolds: Towards Superwettable Hierarchical 2D-3D Architectures
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究开发了一种低温可扩展的等离子体辅助方法，在氧化物纳米管支架上实现可调谐保形石墨烯生长，制备出的分级结构表面具有无氟长期全疏性，可应用于智能表面等领域。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
集成垂直取向石墨烯纳米墙（GNWs）与金属氧化物（MeOx）纳米管支架的分级混合纳米结构，为智能表面、纳米电子学和电化学技术提供了多功能平台。本文提出一种快速、干式、等离子体辅助的制备路线，可在机械性能稳定的MeOx纳米森林上实现GNWs的直接保形生长。该方法以负载型单晶有机纳米线作为一维软模板，结合等离子体辅助氧化物沉积与GNWs生长，所有步骤均在温和的温度、功率和真空条件下完成。此方法制备出具有可调厚度MeOx纳米管的前所未有的2D-3D分级结构，其均匀装饰有径向取向石墨烯纳米片，形成凹入式多尺度表面。所得分级粗糙度赋予该表面无氟、长期全疏性，水、牛血清及其他复杂流体的接触角超过170°。GNWs主导了TiO₂、Al₂O₃和SiO₂纳米管支架的润湿响应，有效将表面行为与氧化物本征化学性质解耦，并在紫外线照射和水凝结条件下保持稳定的排斥性。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、角分辨近边X射线吸收精细结构（NEXAFS）和拉曼分析，阐明了生长机制，证实sp²石墨框架得以保留，且边缘官能化程度可控。总体而言，本研究建立了一种通用、基底兼容、低温且可扩展的路线，用于制备可调谐石墨烯-金属氧化物纳米微结构化多功能表面。
英文摘要
Hierarchical hybrid nanoarchitectures that integrate vertically oriented graphene nanowalls, GNWs, with metal oxide, MeOx, nanotube scaffolds offer versatile platform for smart surfaces, nanoelectronics, and electrochemical technologies. Herein we present rapid, dry, plasma-assisted fabrication route that enables direct and conformal growth of GNWs on mechanically robust MeOx nanoforests. The method combines supported single-crystalline organic nanowires as a 1D soft template with sequential plasma-enabled oxide deposition and GNW growth, all performed under mild temperature, power, and vacuum conditions. This approach yields an unprecedented 2D-3D hierarchical architecture consisting of tunable-thickness MeOx nanotubes uniformly decorated with radially oriented graphene nanosheets, forming re-entrant, multiscale surface. Resulting hierarchical roughness imparts fluorine-free, long-term omniphobicity, with contact angles exceeding 170 degree for water, bovine serum, and other complex fluids. GNWs dominate the wetting response across TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 nanotube scaffolds, effectively decoupling surface behavior from intrinsic oxide chemistry and maintaining robust repellency under UV irradiation and water condensation. Comprehensive SEM, TEM, XPS, angle-resolved NEXAFS, and Raman analyses elucidate growth mechanism and confirm preservation of the sp2 graphitic framework, together with controlled degree of edge functionalization. Overall, this work establishes universal, substrate-compatible, low-temperature, and scalable route for the fabrication of tunable graphene-metal oxide nano-microstructured multifunctional surfaces.
