发表机构
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; University of Glasgow; West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences（印度科学教育与研究学院加尔各答分校; 格拉斯哥大学; 西孟加拉国家司法科学大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出法律数据注释系统LeDA，可动态创建注释标签，用于注释印度最高法院案例诉讼中的法律概念，构建文档语义表示以支持先例检索等下游任务。
AI 中文摘要
本文主要聚焦于从法律案例诉讼中提取概念或主题，因为为法律文档采用结构化表示（而非单纯的词袋平面文本表示）可显著提升处理能力。为实现这一目标，我们提出了一组适用于法律案例诉讼的多样化概念。基于此，我们提出了Legal Data Annotation系统LeDA，该系统通过基于网页的界面提供对文档内实体或概念进行注释与裁决的通用功能。本系统的一个新颖特性是允许动态创建新的注释标签，这在需要注释的实体（概念）不存在预定义本体的场景中尤为实用——注释者在审查更多文档时可自行发现这类实体。我们展示的该系统目前正用于注释法律文档中的一组概念，以将文档构建为概念袋形式的语义表示，可用于后续多项任务，如先例案例检索、判决预测等。除系统通用功能外，我们还描述了3名评估者如何使用LeDA对印度最高法院案例诉讼中的法律概念名称进行注释与裁决。
英文摘要
In this paper, we mainly concentrate on finding concepts or topics from the legal case proceedings, since adopting a structured representation for legal documents, as opposed to a mere bag-of-words flat text representation, can significantly enhance processing capabilities. To achieve this objective, we put forward a set of diverse concepts for legal case proceedings. With this motivation, we propose LeDA, a system for Legal Data Annotation. The system offers the generic functionality of annotating and adjudicating entities or concepts within documents via a web-based interface. A novel feature of our system is that it allows to dynamic create new tags for annotation, which is a particularly useful provision for situations where there exists no pre-defined ontology for the entities (concepts) that need to be annotated - these being rather discovered by annotators as they continue examining more documents. The system that we demonstrate is currently in use to annotate a set of concepts from legal documents to construct semantic representations of documents as bags of concepts that can then be used for several downstream tasks, such as prior case retrieval, judgment prediction, and so on. Along with the system features in general, we also describe how LeDA was used by 3 assessors to annotate and adjudicate legal concept names from Indian Supreme Court case proceedings.
