纳米气泡、原始乳液、高离子强度电动学——胶体与界面科学的悖论
Nanobubbles, pristine emulsions, high ionic strength electrokinetics -- paradoxes of Colloid and Interface Science
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该综述指出胶体与界面科学存在高离子强度电动学、纳米气泡和原始乳液寿命过长三大悖论，结合多国实验证据，提出结构化水层假说，综述相关理论模型以解释这些现象。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
现代胶体与界面科学中存在三大悖论，有大量实验证据支持，却与经典理论模型矛盾：一是高离子强度下的电动学；二是无任何表面稳定化的纳米气泡寿命可达数天至数周；三是无任何表面稳定化的原始乳液寿命可达数天至数周。我们综述了多国不同科学团队的数十篇实验论文，认为这些大量实验数据是这些现象存在的明确证据，而经典理论模型否定其可能性。这种实验与理论的矛盾为引入新理论模型提供了依据，我们对这些模型进行了综述，发现最具前景的模型大多有一个共同特征：假设疏水界面存在结构化水层，因此本综述将这三种现象结合起来。关于结构化水层的想法已有百年历史，有大量实验和理论文献，我们综述了这些文献，为该假说提供了有力支持，还详细讨论了结合结构化界面水层以成功解释这些现象的现有理论模型。高离子强度下电动学的理论模型已在数十年前建立，而通过结构化水层与双电层相互作用解释纳米气泡和原始乳液悖论性寿命的理论模型则是较新的成果。
英文摘要
There are three paradoxes in the modern Colloid and Interface Science supported by large bulk of experimental evidence and contradicting classical theoretical models: - Electrokinetics at high ionic strength; - Nanobubbles having life span on scale of days and weeks without any surface stabilization; - Pristine emulsions having life span on scale of days and weeks without any surface stabilization. We overview many dozens of experimental papers by broad spectrum of scientific groups from many countries. We consider this vast experimental data as unambiguous evidence that these phenomena exist. On other hand, classical theoretical models deny such possibility. This contradiction between experiment and theory justifies introduction of new theoretical models. We overview these models. It turns out that there is one common feature between most promising of them -- assumption regarding structured water layer at hydrophobic interface. That is why we combine these three phenomena in this review. There is extensive literature on century old idea of the structured water layer, experimental and theoretical. We overview this literature, which provides convincing support to this hypothesis. We discuss existing theoretical models that incorporate the structured interfacial water layer for the successful explanation of these phenomena in more detail. Theoretical model of electrokinetics at high ionic strength was developed several decades ago. Theoretical model explaining paradoxical longevity of nanobubbles and pristine emulsions by interaction between structured water layer and electric double layer is more recent.
