AI 中文总结
该研究受射电干涉测量启发，开发两种掩膜孔径干涉测量方法，经ALBA同步辐射光束线验证，可实现纳米级波前传感与亚角秒级成像，应用于实验室、同步辐射及天文学领域。
AI 中文摘要
实现亚角秒尺度的高角分辨率成像，根本上受限于传播介质及光路中光学元件引入的波前像差。因此，在这些精细角尺度下准确恢复源结构，依赖于对波前像差的精确、实时传感与校正。受射电干涉测量启发，我们开发了基于掩膜孔径的不同方法，可直接测量电磁波前畸变的振幅与相位，同时重构 underlying 源结构。第一种是射电干涉测量式自校准，能以亚角秒相位精度恢复孔径上的复电场像差，对应光程的纳米级精度，同时以毫角秒（亚微米）精度重构源结构。第二种是基于闭合不变量的源重构，可完全绕开自校准及其误差，同时实现相当的源重构保真度。这些方法已在ALBA同步辐射光束线得到验证。总体而言，这些方法为纳米级高精度波前传感和亚角秒级高角分辨率成像提供了可靠框架，为掩膜孔径干涉测量开辟了新可能，潜在应用涵盖实验室、同步辐射设施及天文学，包括大型强子对撞机的束流诊断，以及詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜等空间望远镜的掩膜孔径干涉测量。
英文摘要
Achieving high-angular-resolution imaging on subarcsecond scales is fundamentally limited by wavefront aberrations imparted by the propagation medium and by optical elements along the light path. Accurate recovery of source structure at these fine angular scales therefore relies on precise, real-time sensing and correction of wavefront aberrations. Drawing inspiration from radio interferometry, we have developed different approaches using masked apertures that directly measure both the amplitude and phase of the distortions to the electromagnetic wavefront while simultaneously reconstructing the underlying source structure. First is radio interferometry style self-calibration which can recover the complex electric field aberrations across the aperture with subarcsecond phase accuracy, equivalent to nanometer-level precision in optical pathlength, and simultaneously reconstruct the source structure with milliarcsecond (sub-micron) accuracy. Second is closure invariant-based source reconstruction which allows to bypass self-calibration and errors therein entirely while achieving comparable fidelity in the recovered source structure. These methods have been validated on the ALBA synchrotron beamline. Together, these methods provide a reliable framework for nanometre-scale high-precision wavefront sensing and subarcsecond-scale high angular resolution imaging, enabling new possibilities for masked-aperture interferometry. Potential applications span laboratory and synchrotron facilities to astronomy, including beam diagnostics in the Large Hadron Collider and masked-aperture interferometry on space telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope.
Comments9 pages, 4 figures, submitted to SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2026 conference proceedings
