发表机构
Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien; Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information - IQOQI Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences（维也纳量子科学与技术中心，原子研究所，维也纳工业大学; 奥地利科学院维也纳量子光学与量子信息研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文研究经典与量子系统的有限资源擦除问题，证明两者理想化擦除边界相等，但实际实现代价不同，经典系统在擦除上具有更多热力学优势。
AI 中文摘要
不可逆性具有基本的热力学代价，擦除信息必然产生热量，这种关联由兰道尔边界量化，该边界给出擦除1比特信息所需的最小耗散。尽管该边界适用于经典和量子场景，但仅在无限资源的理想化极限下才能达到饱和。本文对经典和量子系统中有限资源的擦除提供了统一的第一性原理描述：首先证明了理想化场景中，编码在量子或经典系统中的1比特擦除代价相同的普遍认知；但表明两者的实际实现存在显著差异——量子系统中达到相当的擦除质量需要更多控制、更大的可及能隙和更长的操作时间，而经典协议在弱得多的约束下即可实现与量子协议相当的擦除，本文揭示了其中的权衡关系。研究结果解释了实际擦除方案为何达不到兰道尔边界，并表明经典系统具有若干基本热力学优势。
英文摘要
Irreversibility has a fundamental thermodynamic cost, erasing information inevitably generates heat. This connection is quantified by the Landauer bound, which gives the minimum dissipation needed to erase a single bit of information. While this bound applies in both classical and quantum settings, it is saturated only in idealised limits of infinite resources. Here, we provide a unified first principles description of finite-resource erasure in both classical and quantum systems. We begin by proving the communal folklore that in the idealised regime the erasure cost of a bit encoded in a quantum or classical system is the same. Despite this, we show that their practical implementation differs substantially: achieving comparable erasure quality in quantum systems requires more control, larger accessible energy gaps and longer operation times. Classical protocols can achieve the erasure of a comparable quantum protocol under far weaker constraints which we expose in trade-off relations. Our results explain why practical erasure schemes fall short of Landauer's bound and show that classical systems enjoy several fundamental thermodynamic advantages.
