面向6G标准的网络验证NTN定位：混合TN NTN定位综述
Network Verified NTN Positioning for 6G A Standards Oriented Survey of Hybrid TN NTN Localization
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该综述针对6G标准，梳理了无线定位从传统方案到混合TN NTN 3D网络可验证定位的演进，分析了3GPP标准、方法权衡等，为相关设计提供参考。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
无线定位正从传统蜂窝和独立卫星导航向面向5G-A、6G及非地面网络（NTN）系统的混合、高精度三维（3D）、网络可验证框架演进。这一转变由智能交通、无人机（UAV）运行、低空经济服务、公共预警及受监管NTN用例驱动，这些场景不仅需要精准的位置估计，还需垂直感知与验证置信度。本综述回顾了从长期演进（LTE）、全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）定位到新空口（NR）、版本18/19定位增强及NTN支持的3D定位的演进，综合了混合地面网络（TN）NTN设计的可观测类别、第三代合作伙伴计划（3GPP）标准演进、方法层面权衡及开放挑战，重点关注标准化影响、垂直可观测性、可靠性感知测量选择及网络侧验证。
英文摘要
Wireless positioning is evolving from legacy cellular and standalone satellite navigation toward hybrid, high-accuracy, three-dimensional (3D), and network-verifiable frameworks for 5G Advanced, 6G, and non terrestrial network (NTN) systems. This shift is driven by intelligent transportation, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operation, low-altitude economy services, public warning, and regulated NTN use cases that require not only accurate location estimates, but also vertical awareness and verification confidence. This survey reviews the evolution from Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning to New Radio (NR), Release-18/19 positioning enhancements, and NTN-enabled 3D positioning. It synthesizes observable families, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard evolution, method-level tradeoffs, and open challenges for hybrid terrestrial network (TN) NTN designs, with emphasis on standardization impact, vertical observability, reliability-aware measurement selection, and network-side verification.
