博士论文：量子信息与量子计量学中的量子光学模式、态与对称性
PhD thesis: Modes, States, and Symmetries in quantum Optics for quantum Information and Metrology
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该博士论文提出统一框架分析量子光学中模式、态、对称性对量子信息处理与计量资源的决定作用，研究时-频自由度、纠缠、干涉场景及超选择定则，深化量子光学基础理解。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本博士论文在量子信息与量子计量学的框架下，探究量子光学中模式、态与对称性的作用，提出一个统一框架分析光子场的模式结构、态的统计特性及其对称性如何决定可用于量子信息处理和量子参数估计的物理资源。第一条研究方向将时-频自由度描述为连续量子变量，强调其在信息编码与操控方面的丰富性；第二条轴线研究纠缠与集体变量，阐明物理资源与计量增益的关联，尤其针对达到终极精度极限的情况；随后分析Hong-Ou-Mandel型干涉场景，建立以对称性概念为核心的通用形式体系，该框架可分析广泛场景并实现多种推广；最后，论文研究光学超选择定则施加的对称性及其对量子态结构与操作性能的影响，旨在深化对量子光学基础的理解。
英文摘要
This thesis explores the role of modes, states, and symmetries in quantum optics, within the context of quantum information and quantum metrology. It proposes a unified framework to analyze how the modal structure of photonic fields, the statistical nature of states, and their symmetry properties determine the physical resources that can be exploited for quantum information processing and quantum parameter estimation. A first line of investigation develops a description of time-frequency degrees of freedom as continuous quantum variables, highlighting their richness for encoding and manipulating information. A second axis studies entanglement and collective variables, clarifying the link between physical resources and metrological gains, particularly in reaching ultimate precision limits. Interferometric scenarios of the Hong-Ou-Mandel type are then analyzed, and a general formalism centered on the notion of symmetry is developed. This framework enables the analysis of a broad range of situations and leads to several generalizations. Finally, the thesis examines the symmetries imposed by optical superselection rules and their consequences for the structure of quantum states and their operational performance, with the aim of providing a deeper understanding of the foundations of quantum optics.
