AI 中文总结
该研究提出可验证随机采样（VRS）的形式化概念，基于随机量子电路采样构造VRS，在构造密码学框架内证明其安全，实现样本新鲜度与公开可验证性，支撑相关密码应用。
AI 中文摘要
可验证随机函数（VRF）支撑众多需要对给定输入的伪随机函数进行公开可验证评估的应用。但公钥发布后，其诱导的函数是固定的，且是输入的确定性函数，这种确定性会使攻击者能够合谋并实施研磨式攻击，即预先计算并选择性利用有利的输入输出对。为解决这些局限，我们引入可验证随机采样（VRS）的形式化概念，提出一种基于随机量子电路采样（RCS）的具体VRS构造，该构造可在当今量子计算设备上执行。VRS支持多方协议，其中验证者的最终输出是与指定目标分布统计接近的样本，同时保持公开可验证性。我们在构造密码学（CC）框架内对该构造进行建模并证明其安全性，从而确保其可与其他密码协议组合。总体而言，我们的成果提供了一种可验证随机采样机制，该机制同时保证样本新鲜度和公开可验证性，支持需要不可预测、新鲜随机数的应用，同时通过公开可验证性维护公平性。
英文摘要
Verifiable random functions (VRF) underpin a wide range of applications that require publicly verifiable evaluations of a pseudorandom function on a given input. However, once the public key is published, the induced function is fixed and is a deterministic function of the input. This determinism can enable collusion and grinding-style attacks in which adversaries precompute and selectively exploit favorable input-output pairs. To address these limitations, we introduce the formal notion of verifiable random sampling (VRS). We propose a concrete VRS construction based on random quantum circuit sampling (RCS) executable on today's quantum computing devices. VRS supports multiparty protocols in which the verifier's final output is a sample that is statistically close to a specified target distribution, while remaining publicly verifiable. We model the construction and prove its security within the constructive cryptography (CC) framework, thereby ensuring composability with other cryptographic protocols. Overall, our results provide a mechanism for verifiable random sampling that simultaneously guarantees sample freshness and public verifiability, enabling applications that require unpredictable, fresh randomness while preserving fairness through public verifiability.
