核自旋量子位的相干电场操控
Coherent electric field manipulation of nuclear spin qudit
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究以高极化率氧化物ZnO为基质，通过超精细耦合电子自旋放大电场调制，实现了Mn²⁺掺杂ZnO中I=5/2核自旋量子位的高效相干操控，为可扩展量子技术提供了新的材料设计思路。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
凝聚态中的自旋，尤其是隔离良好的核自旋，因具有长相干时间，为量子计算、量子传感和量子网络提供了极具吸引力的量子自由度。电场操控是实用可扩展量子技术的重要特性，但常规半导体基质中核自旋与电场的耦合通常很弱，限制了操作效率。本研究表明，选择高极化率氧化物基质可克服这一瓶颈：在Mn²⁺掺杂的ZnO中，自旋哈密顿量的电场调制通过超精细耦合的电子自旋被放大，可高效操控I=5/2核自旋量子位，其机制与常规核磁共振的超精细增强类似。研究利用沿ZnO晶体c轴（极化轴）施加的单轴电场，实现了共振与非共振相干操控，该方法可完成通用单量子位门操作，效率与常规磁场驱动相当或更高。这些结果支持将掺杂氧化物作为电场可控自旋量子位的活性基质，凸显了材料设计在开发可扩展量子技术中的重要性。
英文摘要
Spins in condensed matter, especially well-isolated nuclear spins, offer attractive quantum degrees of freedom for computing, sensing, and networking because of their long coherence times. The possibility of electric-field control is an important feature for practical scalable quantum technologies, but, typically, nuclear spins couple only weakly to electric fields in conventional semiconductor hosts, limiting operation efficiency. Here we show that a choice of a highly polarizable oxide host can overcome this bottleneck. In Mn2+ doped ZnO, electric-field modulation of the spin Hamiltonian is amplified by hyperfine-coupled electron spins, and offers efficient electric-field manipulation of an I = 5/2 nuclear spin qudit, in a manner analogous to the hyperfine enhancement of conventional nuclear magnetic resonance. We demonstrate both resonant and non-resonant coherent manipulation using a single uniaxial electric field applied along the crystalline c-axis, the polarization axis of ZnO. This approach allows universal single-qudit gate operations with efficiencies comparable to or exceeding those of conventional magnetic-field driving. These results support the deployment of doped oxides as active host materials for electrically controllable spin qubits, highlighting the importance of materials design in developing scalable quantum technologies.
