AI 中文总结
本研究综述量子噪声流密码（QNSC）的原理、安全模型及与量子密钥分发（QKD）的集成，分析两层安全交互，调研相关实验进展，指出实用化全集成量子安全光通信网络的挑战与未来方向。
AI 中文摘要
量子噪声流密码（QNSC）是一种物理层加密技术，它利用量子噪声和非正交相干态调制来保障光通信安全。然而，QNSC的安全性高度依赖其种子密钥的保密性与新鲜度。另一方面，量子密钥分发（QKD）基于量子力学定律提供信息论安全的密钥交换。这两种范式的融合，即集成QKD-QNSC架构，为克服各自局限提供了极具吸引力的解决方案。在这类集成系统中，QKD持续提供并刷新控制QNSC调制的秘密种子密钥，从而形成将可证明安全的密钥建立与高速量子增强物理层加密相结合的统一安全框架。本研究对QNSC系统进行全面综述，考察其工作原理、各类攻击下的安全模型及其与QKD系统的集成情况，分析密钥生成层与加密层之间的安全交互，调研面向实际部署的实验演示与架构进展，同时指出实现实用化规模的全集成量子安全光通信网络必须解决的开放挑战与未来研究方向。
英文摘要
Quantum Noise Stream Cipher (QNSC) has emerged as a physical-layer encryption technique that exploits quantum noise and non-orthogonal coherent-state modulation to secure optical communication. However, the security of QNSC relies exceedingly on the secrecy and freshness of its seed key. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), on the other hand, provides information-theoretically secure key exchange rooted in the laws of quantum mechanics. The convergence of these two paradigms, i.e., integrated QKD-QNSC architectures, offers a compelling solution to each of their limitations. In such integrated systems, QKD continuously supplies and refreshes the secret seed key that governs QNSC modulation. Thus, governing a unified security framework that couples provably secure key establishment with high-speed quantum-enhanced physical-layer encryption. This work presents a comprehensive review of QNSC systems, examining their operating principles, security models under various attacks, and their integration with QKD systems. We analyze the security interplay between the key generation and encryption layers and survey experimental demonstrations and architectural progress toward practical deployment. Furthermore, we identify the open challenges and future research directions that must be addressed to realize fully integrated, quantum-secured optical communication networks at a practical scale.
