AI 中文总结
研究针对难以识别的量子传感噪声，建立擦除转换充要条件，提出被动维度提升方案，实验中在特定Pauli噪声信道下恢复了标准量子极限精度，为鲁棒量子传感提供实用途径。
AI 中文摘要
擦除错误对量子传感而言比Pauli错误这类未标记错误更有利，但实际传感噪声通常并非以擦除错误形式出现，而是常与信号处于同一传感希尔伯特空间，难以识别和抑制。针对此类噪声，我们建立了与噪声模型无关的擦除转换充要条件，明确可转换为擦除错误且不损伤信号的噪声分量。对于满足该条件的分量，可通过被动维度提升方案实现转换，该方案无需详细噪声知识或主动控制。理论上，该协议在宽噪声强度范围内均有效，且趋近于对应精度极限；实验上，在单光子相位传感中，我们利用轨道角动量作为辅助量子比特，在擦除可转换权重为0.5的Pauli噪声信道中恢复了标准量子极限精度。这些结果为实际噪声下的鲁棒量子传感提供了实用途径。
英文摘要
Erasures are more favorable for quantum sensing than unflagged errors such as Pauli errors. However, realistic sensing noise does not usually appear as erasures; it often acts within the same sensing Hilbert space as the signal, making it difficult to identify and mitigate. For such noise, we establish a noise-model-agnostic necessary and sufficient condition for erasure conversion, identifying the noise components that can be converted into erasures and removed without damaging the signal. For components satisfying the condition, conversion can be realized by a passive dimension-lifted scheme requiring neither detailed noise knowledge nor active control. Theoretically, the protocol remains effective over a broad range of noise strengths and approaches the corresponding precision limit. Experimentally, in single-photon phase sensing, we recover standard-quantum-limit precision in a Pauli-noise channel with erasure-convertible weight 0.5, using orbital angular momentum as the ancilla. These results provide a practical route to robust quantum sensing under realistic noise.
