外差干涉仪中的寄生干涉：建模、表征与抑制

中文摘要 AI 辅助

寄生干涉是激光干涉仪的常见限制因素，由干扰光束产生，会破坏相位测量并降低位移灵敏度。本研究提出一种用于外差干涉仪中寄生干涉表征与抑制的统一框架，根据寄生光束对应相位矢量的方向将其分为两类，将其噪声贡献建模为寄生光束的偏振、相对振幅和相位的函数。该框架的核心是耦合系数概念，其可量化干涉仪对寄生干涉的敏感性，且可通过琼斯演算针对任意光学配置轻松计算。两类寄生干涉催生了不同的抑制策略：差分干涉测量与平衡检测，辅以偏振控制和高品质分束器。在简化的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪和用于光机械惯性传感的差分干涉仪上对模型和抑制策略进行了实验验证，结果显示寄生相位噪声最多降低四个数量级，在环境大气压下、低至9 mHz的频率下实现了亚皮米级位移灵敏度。

英文摘要

Parasitic interference is a common limitation in laser interferometers, arising from unwanted beams that corrupt the phase measurement and degrade displacement sensitivity. In this work, we present a unified framework for the characterization and mitigation of parasitic interference in heterodyne interferometers. Parasitic beams are classified into two types based on the orientation of their corresponding phase vectors, and their noise contribution is modeled as a function of polarization, relative amplitude, and phase of the parasitic beam. Central to this framework is the concept of coupling coefficients, which quantify the interferometer's susceptibility to parasitic interference and can be readily computed using Jones calculus for any optical configuration. The two types of parasitic interference motivate distinct mitigation strategies: differential interferometry and balanced detection, complemented by polarization control and high-quality beam splitters. The models and mitigation strategies are validated experimentally in both a simplified Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a differential interferometer used for optomechanical inertial sensing, demonstrating reductions in parasitic phase noise by up to four orders of magnitude and achieving sub-picometer displacement sensitivity at frequencies as low as 9 mHz under ambient atmospheric pressure.

发表机构

• Leibniz University Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学）
• Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)（马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所（阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦研究所））
• James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学詹姆斯·C·怀恩特光学科学学院）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。

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19 pages, 22 figures