AI 中文总结
该研究提出Robostreet Flow货运架构，通过优化车辆、编队与运营模式，结合超低阻力设计、自动驾驶车队分摊司机等方式，使点对点货运每吨英里成本降低56%，实现高效低成本干线运输。
AI 中文摘要
干线卡车运输成本由三个规模相当的部分构成：能源、司机劳务和设备，大多数效率技术每次仅针对其中一个部分。本文提出Robostreet Flow，一种货运架构，可联合优化车辆、车队编队和运营模式，以在高流量点对点走廊上最小化每吨英里成本。Flow平台是一款6x4电池电动牵引车，采用水滴形单座驾驶室，风阻系数为0.35，比传统8级牵引车低约40%。碳纤维复合材料单体壳与结构集成电池使车辆净重量降低50%。513kWh的牵引车电池和340kWh的动力挂车电池提供单次充电500英里的续航里程。四辆Flow卡车作为协调车队运行，仅领头车辆配备安全司机，其余三辆跟随车以SAE 4级自动驾驶模式运行。计算流体动力学模拟显示，以8米间距跟车时，跟随车风阻系数较暴露的领头车降低42-48%，跟随车峰值正面压力约降低四分之三。基于这些结果校准的纵向能量模型预测，车队平均能耗为1.27kWh/英里，而孤立车辆为1.60kWh/英里，节能20.5%。电力成本约为等效柴油燃料成本的17%。将一名司机分摊到四辆卡车，并考虑轻量化带来的额外有效载荷，使运营成本从柴油基准的9.4美分/每吨英里降至4.1美分/每吨英里，降低56%。本文还呈现了敏感性分析、枢纽到枢纽运营概念及监管影响。
英文摘要
Line-haul trucking costs are dominated by three comparably sized components: energy, driver labor, and equipment. Most efficiency technologies address only one component at a time. This paper presents Robostreet Flow, a freight architecture that jointly optimizes the vehicle, convoy formation, and operating model to minimize cost per ton-mile on high-volume point-to-point corridors. The Flow platform is a battery-electric 6x4 tractor with a teardrop single-seat cab and a drag coefficient of 0.35, approximately 40% below that of conventional Class 8 tractors. A carbon-composite monocoque and structurally integrated batteries reduce net vehicle weight by 50%. A 513 kWh tractor battery and a 340 kWh powered trailer battery provide a 500-mile single-charge range. Four Flow trucks operate as a coordinated convoy with a safety driver only in the lead vehicle, while three followers operate in SAE Level 4 automated mode. Computational fluid dynamics simulations show that close following at an 8 m gap reduces follower drag coefficients by 42-48% and follower peak frontal pressure by approximately a factor of four relative to the exposed lead vehicle. A longitudinal energy model calibrated to these results predicts fleet-average consumption of 1.27 kWh/mi in convoy, compared with 1.60 kWh/mi for an isolated vehicle, for a 20.5% energy saving. Electricity cost is approximately 17% of the equivalent diesel fuel cost. Amortizing one driver across four trucks and accounting for the additional payload enabled by lightweighting reduce operating cost from 9.4 to 4.1 cents per ton-mile, a 56% reduction relative to a diesel baseline. Sensitivity analysis, a hub-to-hub operating concept, and regulatory implications are also presented.
Comments10 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2026
Journal refIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 2026
