AI 中文总结
该研究针对可编程量子模拟平台，提出了粒子碰撞量子模拟的态制备与探测协议，通过数值模拟验证了其在单粒子模型及多体系统中的有效性，且可推广至高维系统，适配现有实验平台。
AI 中文摘要
模拟粒子碰撞的实时动力学是量子模拟器的一个有前景的应用，因为张量网络等经典方法难以捕捉高能散射中产生的高度纠缠态。实现此类模拟需要同时制备入射波包和探测出射散射产物。本工作中，我们针对可编程的模拟和数字量子模拟平台，提出了同时解决这两个挑战的协议。我们的态制备方案利用弱耦合的辅助量子比特，或更一般地，利用定制的局域淬火，来注入具有明确动量的单个准粒子。由于该方案仅依赖能量守恒，无需对粒子本征态进行微调或预先了解，因此对校准和实现中的误差具有鲁棒性。散射产物的动量仅通过局域测量，从粒子在系统边界反射时产生的干涉图案中提取。我们通过数值模拟验证了这些协议，首先在简单的单粒子模型中，随后在两个相互作用的多体系统中：里德伯原子链和混合场中的伊辛链。我们展示了如何通过绝热斜坡达到非弹性散射过程所需的高能区域，以及如何通过空间调制哈密顿量优化波包形状。最后，我们展示了该协议如何推广到具有一个以上空间维度的系统。我们的提案为散射现象的量子模拟提供了一种通用方法，且与多种已实验可用的量子模拟平台兼容。
英文摘要
Simulating the real-time dynamics of particle collisions is a promising application of quantum simulators, because classical methods such as tensor networks struggle to capture the highly entangled states generated in high-energy scattering. Realizing such simulations requires both the preparation of incoming wave packets and the detection of the outgoing scattering products. In this work, we propose protocols that address both challenges on programmable analog and digital quantum simulation platforms. Our state-preparation scheme uses a weakly coupled auxiliary qubit - or, more generally, a customized local quench - to inject a single quasiparticle with well-defined momentum. Because it relies only on conservation of energy, this scheme requires no fine-tuning or prior knowledge about particle eigenstates, making it robust against errors in calibration and implementation. The momenta of scattering products are then extracted, using only local measurements, from the interference pattern that arises when particles are reflected at the system's boundary. We validate our protocols through numerical simulations, first in a simple single-particle model and subsequently in two interacting many-body systems: a Rydberg atom chain and an Ising chain in a mixed field. We demonstrate how high-energy regimes, necessary to access inelastic scattering processes, can be reached through an adiabatic ramp, and how the wave packet shape can be optimized by spatially modulating the Hamiltonian. Finally, we show how the protocol can be generalized to systems with more than one spatial dimension. Our proposal provides a versatile approach to the quantum simulation of scattering phenomena, and is compatible with several quantum simulation platforms that are already experimentally available.
Comments22 pages, 20 figures
