AI 中文总结
本文研究利用Tau空气簇射中微子望远镜的Glashow共振探测高能天体物理中微子味成分，评估了TAMBO和TRINITY的灵敏度，发现掠山几何接收度更高，当前配置下区分$pp$与$p\boldsymbol{\nu}$源有挑战但可约束富$\bar{\nu}_e$流强。
AI 中文摘要
高能天体物理中微子的味成分编码了其产生与传播的信息。Glashow共振（$\bar{\nu}_e + e^-\to W^-$）为区分反中微子与中微子提供了独特途径，从而拓展了味成分研究的范围。拟议的Tau空气簇射中微子望远镜（Tau air-shower neutrino telescopes）旨在探测PeV以上的掠地和掠山$\nu_\tau$，但通过$W^-\to \bar{\nu}_\tau+\tau^-$衰变，它们也对$\bar{\nu}_e$敏感，因此这些实验可测量$\bar{\nu}_e$与$\nu_\tau+\bar{\nu}_\tau$的流强比。我们通过 explicit simulations 评估这一前景，并对TAMBO和TRINITY在10年运行时间下的灵敏度进行了预测。研究发现，由于岩石中路径更短，掠山几何的$\bar{\nu}_e$接收度远高于掠地几何。对于标准天体物理源场景，我们的预测表明，在当前设计配置下，仅通过Tau空气簇射实验的测量难以区分$pp$和$p\nu$产生机制（包括其缪子阻尼场景），尽管乐观情况下流强比可在1$\text{σ}$下被约束至$\nleqslant$2。来自中子衰变源或某些新物理模型的富$\bar{\nu}_e$流强将与标准π产生场景形成鲜明对比，且可被约束。
英文摘要
The flavor composition of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos encodes information about their production and propagation. The Glashow resonance, $\barν_e + e^-\to W^-$, provides a unique way to distinguish antineutrinos from neutrinos and thereby extends the reach of flavor composition studies. Proposed tau air-shower neutrino telescopes target Earth-skimming and mountain-skimming $ν_τ$ above a PeV, but through the decay $W^-\to \barν_τ+τ^-$ they are also sensitive to $\barν_e$. These experiments can therefore measure the ratio of $\barν_e$ to $ν_τ+\barν_τ$ fluxes. We evaluate this prospect with explicit simulations and project sensitivities for TAMBO and TRINITY, assuming 10 years of operation. We find that mountain-skimming geometries yield substantially higher $\barν_e$ acceptance than Earth-skimming ones due to the shorter path length in rock. For standard astrophysical source scenarios, our projections show that differentiating $pp$ and $pγ$ production, including their muon-damped scenarios, is challenging with a standalone measurement by tau air-shower experiments in their currently designed configurations, though optimistically the flux ratio can be constrained to $\lesssim$2 at 1$σ$. A $\barν_e$-rich flux, as expected from neutron-decay sources or from certain new physics models, would stand out from the standard pion-production scenarios and can otherwise be constrained.
Comments23 pages, 11 figures
