AI 中文总结
研究相互作用粒子远离平衡态的随机动力学，开发统一理论框架，以周期环上被动粒子受活性粒子驱动为例，揭示有效扩散率对驱动活性的非单调依赖，定量捕捉相关系统并建立统一输运描述。
AI 中文摘要
相互作用粒子在远离平衡态时的随机动力学仍是统计物理中的一个基本挑战。虽然互易相互作用通常允许有效的单体描述，但这种简化对于非互易相互作用通常失效，非互易相互作用在驱动和活性系统中普遍存在。我们为具有互易和非互易耦合的相互作用粒子开发了一个统一的理论框架，适用于活性物质的主要类别。作为一个最小的例子，我们研究了一个由活性粒子驱动的被动粒子。在周期环上，我们通过分析表明，驱动粒子在长时间总是扩散的，与微观驱动机制无关。分析预测和数值模拟揭示了有效扩散率对驱动活性的非单调依赖性，导致输运增强和抑制。同样的行为也发生在通过将驱动粒子耦合到更高的局部温度而驱动出平衡态的平衡系统中。我们的框架定量地捕捉了这两个系统，确定了非单调输运背后的共同机制，并建立了主动和被动非平衡驱动下输运的统一描述。
英文摘要
The stochastic dynamics of interacting particles far from equilibrium remains a fundamental challenge in statistical physics. While reciprocal interactions often permit effective one-body descriptions, such reductions generally fail for nonreciprocal interactions, which are ubiquitous in driven and active systems. We develop a unified theoretical framework for interacting particles with reciprocal and nonreciprocal couplings, applicable to the principal classes of active matter, including run-and-tumble, active Brownian, and active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles. As a minimal example, we study a passive particle driven by an active particle. On a periodic ring, we show analytically that the driven particle is always diffusive at long times, independent of the microscopic driving mechanism. Analytical predictions and numerical simulations reveal a nonmonotonic dependence of the effective diffusivity on the driving activity, giving rise to both enhanced and suppressed transport. Remarkably, the same behavior occurs in an equilibrium system driven out of equilibrium by coupling the driving particle to a higher local temperature. Our framework quantitatively captures both systems, identifies the common mechanism underlying the nonmonotonic transport, and establishes a unified description of transport under active and passive nonequilibrium driving.
Comments8 pages, 6 figures
