AI 中文总结
研究通过开发广义参数反演框架，基于异步贝叶斯优化调度多物理正向模型，解析系外行星演化特性，用三个原型测试，能联合推断相关条件和存量，减少简并，为理解系外行星深层内部和寿命历史提供方法。
AI 中文摘要
静态反演框架是解释系外行星观测的主要工具，但与时间无关的建模使其容易出现简并，无法解析系外行星的历史。我们开发了一个广义参数反演框架，基于异步贝叶斯优化有效调度多物理正向模型，从初始岩浆海洋条件到当前解析系外行星的演化特性。通过将贝叶斯反演纳入PROTEUS框架，自然地解析了敏感的内部-大气耦合相互作用，并将解释限制在物理上允许的场景。我们用三个系外行星原型测试了演化反演：一颗年轻的海王星、一颗年老的超级地球和一颗温暖的类地行星。演化反演从光谱可及的可观测量中联合推断它们的地幔氧化还原条件、金属核分数和早期挥发物存量。一些场景仍然存在核心分数和挥发物预算之间已确定的简并。类地质量的系外行星受益于强大的可观测量-参数相关性，这些相关性消除了这些简并；我们恢复了形成后挥发物存量，误差小于20%。系外行星科学正准备迎接即将到来的JWST、PLATO、Roman和ELT数据，这些观测需要仔细解释。采用时间演化模型消除了解释上的简并，提供了理解整个星系中行星的深层内部和寿命历史的方法。
英文摘要
Static retrieval frameworks are leading tools for interpreting exoplanet observations, yet time-independent modelling leaves them prone to degeneracy and unable to resolve exoplanets' histories. The compositions and structures of surveyed super-Earth and sub-Neptune sub-populations remain unclear, but are shaped by physics acting across Gyr timescales. Interpreting these planets as static non-evolving snapshots allows multiple degenerate scenarios to explain their observed properties. We develop a generalised parameter retrieval framework, built on asynchronous Bayesian optimisation to efficiently dispatch a multi-physics forward-model, resolving exoplanets' evolving properties from their initial magma ocean conditions to the present day. By building Bayesian retrievals into the PROTEUS framework, sensitive coupled interior-atmosphere interactions are naturally resolved and interpretations are constrained to physically permissible scenarios. We test evolutionary retrievals with three exoplanet prototypes: a young sub-Neptune, an older super-Earth, and a warm terrestrial planet - representative of the surveyed exoplanet population. Evolutionary retrieval jointly infers their mantle redox conditions, metallic core fractions, and early volatile inventories from spectroscopically accessible observables. Some scenarios remain subject to well-established degeneracies between core fractions and volatile budgets. Terrestrial-mass exoplanets benefit from strong observable-parameter correlations that lift these degeneracies; we recover post-formation volatile inventories with <20 percent error. Exoplanet science is primed for incoming JWST, PLATO, Roman, and ELT data - observations which necessitate careful interpretation. Adoption of time-evolved models lifts interpretive degeneracies, providing the means to understand the deep interiors and lifetime histories of worlds throughout our galaxy.
CommentsSubmitted to ApJ. 22 pages in the main text, 8 figures, 3 tables
