极性分子碰撞稳定混合物中可调谐的状态依赖相互作用
Tunable state-dependent interactions in collisionally stable mixtures of polar molecules
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究提出在极性分子特定振动状态编码伪自旋 - \(1/2\) 系统，利用双微波屏蔽抑制两体损失，实现可调谐的多种相互作用，可用于探索体气体中的巡游量子磁体等，也为光学晶格中的量子模拟开辟新方向。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们提出在极性分子的基态（\(v = 0\)）和第一激发态（\(v = 1\)）中编码一个伪自旋 - \(1/2\) 系统。双微波屏蔽同时屏蔽两种状态下的分子，将两体损失抑制几个数量级，同时严格避免三体复合。微波修饰是状态依赖的，导致高度可调谐的长程偶极伊辛交换（\(J_z\)）、密度 - 密度（\(V\)）和自旋 - 密度（\(W\)）相互作用。这些相互作用长度尺度很容易超过典型的粒子间距，使分子深入强相互作用区域。在体气体中，这有助于探索具有新型各向异性自旋纹理的巡游量子磁体和量子液滴；在光学晶格中，自然实现扩展哈伯德和 \(t\) - \(J_z\) 模型，为量子模拟开辟新方向。
英文摘要
We propose encoding a pseudo-spin-$1/2$ system in the ground ($v=0$) and first excited ($v=1$) vibrational states of polar molecules. Double microwave shielding simultaneously shields molecules in both states, suppressing two-body losses by orders of magnitude while strictly avoiding three-body recombination. The microwave dressing is state-dependent and results in highly tunable, long-range dipolar Ising exchange ($J_z$), density-density ($V$), and spin-density ($W$) interactions. These interaction length scales readily exceed the typical interparticle spacing, pushing the molecules deep into the strongly interacting regime. In bulk gases, this enables the exploration of itinerant quantum magnetism and quantum droplets with novel anisotropic spin textures; in optical lattices, it naturally realizes extended Hubbard and $t$-$J_z$ models, opening new directions in quantum simulation.
